NREMT EMT Cognitive Final Exam
A "hip" fracture is actually a fracture of the: - ANS-proximal femur
A 19-year-old female was stung multiple times on the legs by fire ants. She states that she is
allergic to fire ants, but does not carry her own epinephrine. The patient is conscious and alert
and complains of pain to the area of the bites. Her blood pressure is 122/70 mm Hg, her pulse is
100 beats/min and strong, and her respirations are 18 breaths/min and unlabored. You should: -
ANS-administer oxygen and transport her to the hospital.
A 19-year-old male was stung multiple times by fire ants. He is experiencing obvious signs and
symptoms of anaphylactic shock. You administer 100% oxygen and give him epinephrine via
subcutaneous injection. Upon reassessment, you determine that his condition has not improved.
You should: - ANS-repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control.
A 27-year-old male was stabbed in the chest during a disagreement at a poker game. As you
approach him, you see that a knife is impaled in his chest. Before you make physical contact
with the patient, it is MOST important to: - ANS-follow standard precautions
A 29-year-old male has an anterior nosebleed after he was accidentally elbowed in the nose.
His is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. The MOST appropriate care for this patient
includes: - ANS-leaning him forward and pinching his nostrils together.
A 31-year-old female is experiencing an acute asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in
obvious respiratory distress. After assisting her with her prescribed MDI, you should: -
ANS-reassess the patient and document her response to the medication.
A 37-year-old female with a history of diabetes presents with excessive urination and weakness
of 2 days' duration. You apply 100% oxygen and assess her blood glucose level, which reads
320 mg/dL. If this patient's condition is not promptly treated, she will MOST likely develop: -
ANS-acidosis and dehydration
A 39-year-old female experienced a severe closed head injury. She is unconscious with her
eyes slightly open; her pupils are bilaterally dilated and slow to react. In addition to managing
problems with airway, breathing, and circulation, you should: - ANS-close her eyes and cover
them with a moist dressing.
A 40-year-old male was in his woodworking shop when he felt a sudden, sharp pain in his left
eye. Your assessment reveals a small splinter of wood embedded in his cornea. You should: -
ANS-cover both of his eyes and transport to the hospital.
,A 50-year-old male was splashed in the eyes with radiator fluid when he was working on his car.
During your assessment, he tells you that he wears soft contact lenses. You should: -
ANS-carefully remove the contact lenses and then irrigate his eyes with saline.
A 50-year-old male was stung by a honeybee approximately 15 minutes ago. He presents with
respiratory distress, facial swelling, and hypotension. After placing him on oxygen and
administering his epinephrine via auto-injector, you note that his breathing has improved.
Additionally, his facial swelling is resolving and his blood pressure is stable. Your next action
should be to: - ANS-record the time and dose of the injection, and transport promptly.
A 56-year-old male is found semiconscious by his wife. Your assessment reveals that his
respirations are rapid and shallow, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is low.
The patient's wife states that he complained of left arm pain and nausea the day before, but
would not allow her to call 9-1-1. The MOST likely cause of this patient's present condition is: -
ANS-cardiogenic hypoperfusion.
A 60-year-old male is found to be unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. You should: -
ANS-begin CPR until an AED is available.
A 67-year-old female with severe chest pain becomes unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic
during transport. You should: - ANS-stop the ambulance, begin CPR, and attach the AED as
soon as possible.
A 70-year-old female was recently discharged from the hospital following a total hip
replacement. Today, she presents with restlessness, tachycardia, and a blood pressure of
100/64 mm Hg. Her skin is warm and moist. You should be MOST suspicious that she is
experiencing: - ANS-septic shock
A 70-year-old male complains of shortness of breath. During your assessment, you note that he
has bilateral hearing aids. When you ask him questions related to his chief complaint, he does
not answer you. You can hear a whistling sound coming from his hearing aids. You should: -
ANS-try repositioning the hearing aid or remove it and turn down the volume
A 71-year-old male is semiconscious following a sudden, severe headache. There is vomitus on
his face and his respirations are slow and shallow. The EMT must immediately: - ANS-perform
oropharyngeal suctioning
A construction worker fell approximately 30 feet. He is semiconscious with rapid, shallow
respirations. Further assessment reveals deformity to the thoracic region of his spine. His blood
pressure is 70/50 mm Hg, his pulse is 66 beats/min and weak, and his skin is warm and dry. In
addition to spinal immobilization and rapid transport, the MOST appropriate treatment for this
patient includes: - ANS-assisted ventilation, thermal management, and elevation of the lower
extremities.
, A female patient with a suspected spinal injury is breathing with a marked reduction in tidal
volume. The MOST appropriate airway management for her includes: - ANS-assisting
ventilations at an age-appropriate rate.
A folding or portable stretcher is MOST beneficial when: - ANS-a second patient must be
transported on the squad bench of the ambulance
A fracture caused by minimal force that is associated with diseases such as cancer and
osteoporosis is called a __________ fracture. - ANS-pathologic
A fracture of the humerus just above the elbow would be described as a: - ANS-distal humerus
fracture
A mother who is pregnant with her first baby is typically in the first stage of labor for
approximately: - ANS-16 hours
A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The "130" represents: - ANS-ventricular
contraction
A patient regains consciousness en route from his office to the emergency department. The
patient tells you that he feels fine and does not want to go to the hospital. Under these
circumstances, you should: - ANS-assess whether or not the patient's mental condition is
impaired.
A patient who cannot remember the events that preceded his or her head injury is experiencing:
- ANS-retrograde amnesia
A positive TB skin test indicates that: - ANS-you have been exposed to the disease
A severe risk of terrorist attacks is indicated by the color _____ by the Department of Homeland
Security Security Advisory System. - ANS-red
A technique used to gain insight into a patient's thinking, which involves repeating in question
form what the patient has said, is called: - ANS-reflective listening
A transient ischemic attack (TIA) occurs when: - ANS-the normal body processes destroy a clot
in a cerebral artery.
A utility worker was trimming branches and was electrocuted when he accidentally cut a
high-power line. He fell approximately 20′ and is lying unconscious on the ground; the power
line is lying across his chest. You should: - ANS-rapidly assess the patient after ensuring that
the power line is not live.
A "hip" fracture is actually a fracture of the: - ANS-proximal femur
A 19-year-old female was stung multiple times on the legs by fire ants. She states that she is
allergic to fire ants, but does not carry her own epinephrine. The patient is conscious and alert
and complains of pain to the area of the bites. Her blood pressure is 122/70 mm Hg, her pulse is
100 beats/min and strong, and her respirations are 18 breaths/min and unlabored. You should: -
ANS-administer oxygen and transport her to the hospital.
A 19-year-old male was stung multiple times by fire ants. He is experiencing obvious signs and
symptoms of anaphylactic shock. You administer 100% oxygen and give him epinephrine via
subcutaneous injection. Upon reassessment, you determine that his condition has not improved.
You should: - ANS-repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control.
A 27-year-old male was stabbed in the chest during a disagreement at a poker game. As you
approach him, you see that a knife is impaled in his chest. Before you make physical contact
with the patient, it is MOST important to: - ANS-follow standard precautions
A 29-year-old male has an anterior nosebleed after he was accidentally elbowed in the nose.
His is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. The MOST appropriate care for this patient
includes: - ANS-leaning him forward and pinching his nostrils together.
A 31-year-old female is experiencing an acute asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in
obvious respiratory distress. After assisting her with her prescribed MDI, you should: -
ANS-reassess the patient and document her response to the medication.
A 37-year-old female with a history of diabetes presents with excessive urination and weakness
of 2 days' duration. You apply 100% oxygen and assess her blood glucose level, which reads
320 mg/dL. If this patient's condition is not promptly treated, she will MOST likely develop: -
ANS-acidosis and dehydration
A 39-year-old female experienced a severe closed head injury. She is unconscious with her
eyes slightly open; her pupils are bilaterally dilated and slow to react. In addition to managing
problems with airway, breathing, and circulation, you should: - ANS-close her eyes and cover
them with a moist dressing.
A 40-year-old male was in his woodworking shop when he felt a sudden, sharp pain in his left
eye. Your assessment reveals a small splinter of wood embedded in his cornea. You should: -
ANS-cover both of his eyes and transport to the hospital.
,A 50-year-old male was splashed in the eyes with radiator fluid when he was working on his car.
During your assessment, he tells you that he wears soft contact lenses. You should: -
ANS-carefully remove the contact lenses and then irrigate his eyes with saline.
A 50-year-old male was stung by a honeybee approximately 15 minutes ago. He presents with
respiratory distress, facial swelling, and hypotension. After placing him on oxygen and
administering his epinephrine via auto-injector, you note that his breathing has improved.
Additionally, his facial swelling is resolving and his blood pressure is stable. Your next action
should be to: - ANS-record the time and dose of the injection, and transport promptly.
A 56-year-old male is found semiconscious by his wife. Your assessment reveals that his
respirations are rapid and shallow, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is low.
The patient's wife states that he complained of left arm pain and nausea the day before, but
would not allow her to call 9-1-1. The MOST likely cause of this patient's present condition is: -
ANS-cardiogenic hypoperfusion.
A 60-year-old male is found to be unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. You should: -
ANS-begin CPR until an AED is available.
A 67-year-old female with severe chest pain becomes unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic
during transport. You should: - ANS-stop the ambulance, begin CPR, and attach the AED as
soon as possible.
A 70-year-old female was recently discharged from the hospital following a total hip
replacement. Today, she presents with restlessness, tachycardia, and a blood pressure of
100/64 mm Hg. Her skin is warm and moist. You should be MOST suspicious that she is
experiencing: - ANS-septic shock
A 70-year-old male complains of shortness of breath. During your assessment, you note that he
has bilateral hearing aids. When you ask him questions related to his chief complaint, he does
not answer you. You can hear a whistling sound coming from his hearing aids. You should: -
ANS-try repositioning the hearing aid or remove it and turn down the volume
A 71-year-old male is semiconscious following a sudden, severe headache. There is vomitus on
his face and his respirations are slow and shallow. The EMT must immediately: - ANS-perform
oropharyngeal suctioning
A construction worker fell approximately 30 feet. He is semiconscious with rapid, shallow
respirations. Further assessment reveals deformity to the thoracic region of his spine. His blood
pressure is 70/50 mm Hg, his pulse is 66 beats/min and weak, and his skin is warm and dry. In
addition to spinal immobilization and rapid transport, the MOST appropriate treatment for this
patient includes: - ANS-assisted ventilation, thermal management, and elevation of the lower
extremities.
, A female patient with a suspected spinal injury is breathing with a marked reduction in tidal
volume. The MOST appropriate airway management for her includes: - ANS-assisting
ventilations at an age-appropriate rate.
A folding or portable stretcher is MOST beneficial when: - ANS-a second patient must be
transported on the squad bench of the ambulance
A fracture caused by minimal force that is associated with diseases such as cancer and
osteoporosis is called a __________ fracture. - ANS-pathologic
A fracture of the humerus just above the elbow would be described as a: - ANS-distal humerus
fracture
A mother who is pregnant with her first baby is typically in the first stage of labor for
approximately: - ANS-16 hours
A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The "130" represents: - ANS-ventricular
contraction
A patient regains consciousness en route from his office to the emergency department. The
patient tells you that he feels fine and does not want to go to the hospital. Under these
circumstances, you should: - ANS-assess whether or not the patient's mental condition is
impaired.
A patient who cannot remember the events that preceded his or her head injury is experiencing:
- ANS-retrograde amnesia
A positive TB skin test indicates that: - ANS-you have been exposed to the disease
A severe risk of terrorist attacks is indicated by the color _____ by the Department of Homeland
Security Security Advisory System. - ANS-red
A technique used to gain insight into a patient's thinking, which involves repeating in question
form what the patient has said, is called: - ANS-reflective listening
A transient ischemic attack (TIA) occurs when: - ANS-the normal body processes destroy a clot
in a cerebral artery.
A utility worker was trimming branches and was electrocuted when he accidentally cut a
high-power line. He fell approximately 20′ and is lying unconscious on the ground; the power
line is lying across his chest. You should: - ANS-rapidly assess the patient after ensuring that
the power line is not live.
