Portage Learning Module 2

Organism - answer-An individual living creature Characteristics of a living thing - answer-(1) Order (2) Evolutionary Adaptation (3) Regulation (4)Energy Processing (5)Growth and Development (6) Response to Environment (7)Reproduction Cell - answer-Basic unit of life order - answer-is the taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms Example: Sun Flower- Seeds and Leaves evolutionary adaptation - answer-Is smaller genetic changes that allow for better survival. (Cold Climate- Animal grows more Fur) regulation - answer-Where optimal levels must be maintained to achieve homeostasis. When levels are not optimal the organism needs a regulatory process. ( Shivering when cold- Shivering creates heat) Energy Processing - answer-Biochemical reactions that produce energy. The sum of those biochemical reactions are metabolism. Living organisms need energy= ATP. Plant traps light for photosynthesis Metabolism - answer-The sum of biochemical reactions Growth and Development - answer-All living things experience growth or change over their lifetime. (Grows, matures, ages, Dies) Response to Environment - answer-Living things respond to their environment through adaptation. What is adaptation - answer-a change or process that allows a organism to become better suited for their environment. What is stimulus? - answer-Is anything that causes an organism to respond What is Behavioral Adaptation? - answer-A squirrel hibernating What is Physical adaptation? - answer-A crab shell becoming hard Reproduction - answer-Living thing must have a way of reproducing new and thriving generations Sexual reproduction - answer-Fusion of two gametes to make new offspring.(One gamete from each parent.) asexual reproduction - answer-A single organism creates off-spring. spore formation - answer-an asexual reproductive process in which an organism forms a special cell called a spore. ( Bacteria, Plants, Fungi) binary fission - answer-A form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size. ( Prokaryotes and some Eukaryotic protOZOA.) Vegetable reproduction - answer-a form of asexual reproduction in which offspring grow from a part of a parent plant. ( Strawberry plants) Budding - answer-Asexual reproduction in which a part of the parent organism pinches off and forms a new organism ( Fungi, bacteria , Cnidaria organism) Fragmentation - answer-(Star fish, Segmented worms) Levels of Biological Organization - answer-biosphere, ecosystems, communities, populations, organisms, organs and organ systems, tissues, cells, macromolucules , molecules, atom Biosphere - answer-Earth and the atmosphere- All capable of sustaining living organisms- Broadest Level Ecosystem - answer-System of living and non-living things in a region. Example: Grasslands, tundras, Forests. Communities - answer-All collective organism living within a Biological system. Example: all living organism, plants, grass, fungi, animals, bacteria Populations - answer-group of one species living within a community. Several populations make a community. ( Several populations make a community) Organisms - answer-are individual living membranes of the population. ( Organisms are made up of organ systems Organ Systems - answer-Group of organs classified as a unit because of shared functions. (Urinary system-Kidneys, Ureathra, Urinary bladder Organs - answer-Structure composed of two or more tissues ( Example: Brain, Heart-) Organs are made up of tissues Tissues - answer-Group of similar cells and the environment around them Tissues are composed of cells Cells - answer-Are living structures within organelles, that function at the microscopic level Chemical Level - answer-Smallest level; Atoms to Molecules and macromolecules - Connected by chemical bonds and interactions Example of Atom? - answer-Oxygen (o) Example of Molecule - answer-O2 Example of Macromolecules - answer-Phospholipid Example of Cell - answer-Clara Cell Example of Tissue - answer-epithelial tissue Example of Organ - answer-Lung Example of Organ System - answer-Respiratory System Example of organism - answer-Lion Example of Population - answer-Pride of lions Example of Community - answer-lions and zebras example of ecosystem - answer-Lions and zebras and the environment Example of the Biosphere - answer-Earth Who developed the Hierarchical system of classification - answer-Carolus Linnaeus Taxon - answer-Unit or level of classification (species) Taxonomic levels - answer-Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species Phylogeny - answer-Strategy used to trace evolutionary history and diversification of a group of species Phylogenic Tree - answer-Show the relationship of different levels in the taxon. (Visual Representation) What is 16S rRNA? - answer-Barcode Gene sister taxa (sister group) - answer-Are branches that come from a point (Represents different branches) Rooted tree - answer-Node or "root" between the leaves of a tree to show evolutionary link, Unrooted Tree - answer-Shows the levels of relatedness W/O making a hypothesis about ancestry. What are the three domains? - answer-Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya Archaea - answer-Single celled, microscopic organisms with a prokaryotic cell structure that reproduce through Binary Fusion Plasmids - answer-Prokaryotic cell with a nucleotide region with single, circular DNA structures Robosomal RNA (rRNA) - answer-Molecules that help create Amino Acids (Found in Archaea-) Description of Archaea - answer-These cell walls and have membranes composed of branched hydrocarbon chains attached to a glycerol. This linkage is call pseudopeptidoglycan How do Archaea cell move? - answer-The cells move by flagella or pili. What Environment is Archaea found in? - answer-They are found in most normal environments. What ware Archaea`s found in extreme environments? - answer-Extremophiles ( Example: Volcano) What are thermophillies? - answer-Found in volcanoes (High Temps) What are Halophiles - answer-Found in extreme saline environments ( Example: