A
VI
TU
IS
M
Portage Learning: Lifespan
O
Development Module 2:
A
N
Normative references and
JP
Terms Well Defined 2024!!
Compare and contrast longitudinal and cross-sectional studies.
A longitudinal design enables researchers to observe change over time as well as which
qualities in an individual remain stable, while a cross-sectional design does not address
, either of these very well. However, it is generally more difficult to conduct longitudinal
researcher due to the extensive time required. A cross-sectional study simply
investigates a cross-section of a population at once. Both study approaches, however,
can be used to answer questions about certain aspects of lifespan development.
Naturalistic Observation:
Can observe how people act naturally.
Researchers can only access the information that they directly observe. The child may
A
act differently in other settings or at other times.
A good design for obtaining detailed information on a person's behaviors.
VI
Case Study
Provides rich and detailed information on one individual.
TU
May not be applicable to other cases. Particularly helpful for showcasing an unusual
case to spur additional discussion.
Survey
IS
Can obtain a large amount of information with a large sample. People may not
accurately report on their own thoughts and behaviors! The most straightforward way to
know what someone thinks is to simply ask them, as in a survey or interview.
M
O
Correlation Survey
Gives concise summary on how two variables relate to one another. Correlation does
not equal causation; a correlational study doesn't tell what actually caused any change.
A
Popular study design, shows how different aspects of human nature relate to other
aspects.
N
Experiment
JP
Researchers can directly observe a manipulated variable effecting change. People may
act unnaturally in experimental settings.
A researcher seeking to know what causes something else should choose this design.
Ultrasound
directs high frequency sound waves into the mother's abdomen to create an image of
the developing baby. Ultrasound can show the position of the baby, gender, gestational
VI
TU
IS
M
Portage Learning: Lifespan
O
Development Module 2:
A
N
Normative references and
JP
Terms Well Defined 2024!!
Compare and contrast longitudinal and cross-sectional studies.
A longitudinal design enables researchers to observe change over time as well as which
qualities in an individual remain stable, while a cross-sectional design does not address
, either of these very well. However, it is generally more difficult to conduct longitudinal
researcher due to the extensive time required. A cross-sectional study simply
investigates a cross-section of a population at once. Both study approaches, however,
can be used to answer questions about certain aspects of lifespan development.
Naturalistic Observation:
Can observe how people act naturally.
Researchers can only access the information that they directly observe. The child may
A
act differently in other settings or at other times.
A good design for obtaining detailed information on a person's behaviors.
VI
Case Study
Provides rich and detailed information on one individual.
TU
May not be applicable to other cases. Particularly helpful for showcasing an unusual
case to spur additional discussion.
Survey
IS
Can obtain a large amount of information with a large sample. People may not
accurately report on their own thoughts and behaviors! The most straightforward way to
know what someone thinks is to simply ask them, as in a survey or interview.
M
O
Correlation Survey
Gives concise summary on how two variables relate to one another. Correlation does
not equal causation; a correlational study doesn't tell what actually caused any change.
A
Popular study design, shows how different aspects of human nature relate to other
aspects.
N
Experiment
JP
Researchers can directly observe a manipulated variable effecting change. People may
act unnaturally in experimental settings.
A researcher seeking to know what causes something else should choose this design.
Ultrasound
directs high frequency sound waves into the mother's abdomen to create an image of
the developing baby. Ultrasound can show the position of the baby, gender, gestational
