MLT microbiology
Autotrophs – answer organisms that produce organic compounds from carbon dioxide
as a carbon source, using either light or reaction of inorganic chemical compounds as a
source of energy
Phototrophs - answer autotrophs that use photosynthesis to feed
Chemolithotrophs - answer autotrophs that obtain energy by oxidation of inorganic
compounds
Heterotrophs - answerorganisms that requires organic substrates as a source of carbon
for growth and development
Fastidious - answer hard to grow, requires additional growth factors
Psychrophiles - answerbacteria that grow best at cold temperatures (optimal growth at
10°C to 20°C)
Mesophiles - answeran organism that grows best in moderate temperature neither hot
nor cold ( 25°C to 40°C)
Thermophiles - answerbacteria that grow best at high temperatures (optimal growth at
50°C - 60°C)
Obligate aerobes - answera microorganism that requires oxygen for growth
Obligate anaerobes - answera microorganism that can live and reproduce only in a strict
anaerobic environment (0% oxygen)
Facultative anaerobes - answera microorganism that does not require oxygen for
growth but will use oxygen and grow better if it is present
Capnophilic - answerterm used to describe microorganisms that require an increased
concentration of CO², usually between 5% and 10%
Microaerophilic - answermicroorganism that grows with reduced oxygen and increased
carbon dioxide
Minimal media - answera laboratory growth medium whose contents are simple and
completely defined; not usually used in the diagnostic microbiology laboratory
, Nutrient media - answerculture media that are complex and made of extracts of meat or
soybeans
Enriched media - answermedia that contains nutritional enhancement to allow growth of
fastidious microbes
Selective media - answermedia that support the growth of one type or one group of
microbes but not of another
Differential media - answermedia that allows grouping of microbes based on different
characteristics demonstrated on the medium
Transport media - answerliquid or semisolid medium meant to preserve and maintain
the integrity of the specimen for the period between specimen collection and laboratory
processing of the sample
Generation/doubling time - answerthe time required for a microbial population to double
in numbers
prokaryotic cell - answerA type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and
membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.
eukaryotic cell - answerA type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and
membrane-enclosed organelles. Examples of organisms with these cells are protists,
plants, fungi, and animals.
gram positive cell wall - answervery thick peptidoglycan layer; techoic acid, attaches to
peptidoglycan layer; lipoteichoic acid, attached to cell membrane
gram negative cell wall - answerinner layer: thin peptidoglycan layer
outer layer: outer membrane with LPS
periplasmic space, (space between outer membrane and inner membrane)
acid fast bacterial cell wall - answersimilar to gram-positive, the outer membrane or
envelope of the cell wall contains a waxy layer of glycolipids, mycolic acid retains stain
after an acid-alcohol decolorizer
bacterial capsules - answerA virulence factor that impedes phagocytosis and may
enhance adherence to tissues
bacterial slime layer - answergelatinous sheath; allows bacteria to stick to slick surfaces
and host tissue; inhibits phagocytosis
an easily removed, diffuse, unorganized layer of extracellular material that surrounds
bacteria cells composed of polysaccharides
bacterial appendage - answerIncludes flagella, pili/fimbriae
Autotrophs – answer organisms that produce organic compounds from carbon dioxide
as a carbon source, using either light or reaction of inorganic chemical compounds as a
source of energy
Phototrophs - answer autotrophs that use photosynthesis to feed
Chemolithotrophs - answer autotrophs that obtain energy by oxidation of inorganic
compounds
Heterotrophs - answerorganisms that requires organic substrates as a source of carbon
for growth and development
Fastidious - answer hard to grow, requires additional growth factors
Psychrophiles - answerbacteria that grow best at cold temperatures (optimal growth at
10°C to 20°C)
Mesophiles - answeran organism that grows best in moderate temperature neither hot
nor cold ( 25°C to 40°C)
Thermophiles - answerbacteria that grow best at high temperatures (optimal growth at
50°C - 60°C)
Obligate aerobes - answera microorganism that requires oxygen for growth
Obligate anaerobes - answera microorganism that can live and reproduce only in a strict
anaerobic environment (0% oxygen)
Facultative anaerobes - answera microorganism that does not require oxygen for
growth but will use oxygen and grow better if it is present
Capnophilic - answerterm used to describe microorganisms that require an increased
concentration of CO², usually between 5% and 10%
Microaerophilic - answermicroorganism that grows with reduced oxygen and increased
carbon dioxide
Minimal media - answera laboratory growth medium whose contents are simple and
completely defined; not usually used in the diagnostic microbiology laboratory
, Nutrient media - answerculture media that are complex and made of extracts of meat or
soybeans
Enriched media - answermedia that contains nutritional enhancement to allow growth of
fastidious microbes
Selective media - answermedia that support the growth of one type or one group of
microbes but not of another
Differential media - answermedia that allows grouping of microbes based on different
characteristics demonstrated on the medium
Transport media - answerliquid or semisolid medium meant to preserve and maintain
the integrity of the specimen for the period between specimen collection and laboratory
processing of the sample
Generation/doubling time - answerthe time required for a microbial population to double
in numbers
prokaryotic cell - answerA type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and
membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.
eukaryotic cell - answerA type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and
membrane-enclosed organelles. Examples of organisms with these cells are protists,
plants, fungi, and animals.
gram positive cell wall - answervery thick peptidoglycan layer; techoic acid, attaches to
peptidoglycan layer; lipoteichoic acid, attached to cell membrane
gram negative cell wall - answerinner layer: thin peptidoglycan layer
outer layer: outer membrane with LPS
periplasmic space, (space between outer membrane and inner membrane)
acid fast bacterial cell wall - answersimilar to gram-positive, the outer membrane or
envelope of the cell wall contains a waxy layer of glycolipids, mycolic acid retains stain
after an acid-alcohol decolorizer
bacterial capsules - answerA virulence factor that impedes phagocytosis and may
enhance adherence to tissues
bacterial slime layer - answergelatinous sheath; allows bacteria to stick to slick surfaces
and host tissue; inhibits phagocytosis
an easily removed, diffuse, unorganized layer of extracellular material that surrounds
bacteria cells composed of polysaccharides
bacterial appendage - answerIncludes flagella, pili/fimbriae
