AP Computer Science Principles (Vocabulary) Study Guide

AP Computer Science Principles (Vocabulary) Study Guide Innovation - ANSWER-A novel or improved idea, devices, product, etc or the development thereof Binary - ANSWER-A way of representing information using only two options Bit - ANSWER-a contraction of "Binary Digit"; a bit is the single uni of information in a computer, typically represented as a 0 or 1 Bit rate - ANSWER-(sometimes written "bitrate") the number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time e.g. 8 bits/sec Latency - ANSWER-Time it takes for a bit to travel from its sender to its receiver Protocol - ANSWER-a set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices ASCII - ANSWER-the American Standard Code for Information Interchange; it is the universally recognized raw text format that any computer can understand code - ANSWER-to write code; a set of written instructions for a computer ©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/6 ITEF - ANSWER-Internet Engineering Task Force; develops and promotes voluntary Internet standards and protocols, in particular the standards that comprise the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) Internet - ANSWER-A group of computers and servers that are connected to each other Net Neutrality - ANSWER-the principle that all internet traffic should be treated equally by Internet Service Providers IP Address - ANSWER-a number assigned to any item that is connected to the Internet Packets - ANSWER-small chunks of information that have been carefully formed from larger chunks of information TCP - ANSWER-Transmission Control Protocol; provides reliable, ordered and error-checked delivery of a stream of packets on the internet. DNS - ANSWER-the service that translates URL's to IP addresses HHTP - ANSWER-HyperText Transfer Protocol; the protocol used for transmitting web pages over the internet URL - ANSWER-an easy-to-remember address for calling a web page (ex. , , ) ©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/6 Heuristic - ANSWER-a problem-solving approach (algorithm) to find satisfactory solution where finding an optimal or exact solution is impractical or impossible Lossless Compression - ANSWER-a data compression algorithm that allows the original data to be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data Lossy Compression - ANSWER-(or irreversible compression) a data compression method that uses inexact approximations, discarding some data to represent the content. most commonly seen in image formats like .jpg Image - ANSWER-a type of data used for graphics or pictures metadata - ANSWER-the data the describes other data; ex. a digital image may include metadata that describe the size of the image, number of colors, or resolution pixel - ANSWER-short for "picture element" it is the fundamental unit of a digital image, typically a tiny square or dot which contains a single point of color of a larger image RGB - ANSWER-the RGB color model uses varying intensifies of (R)ed, (G)reen, and (B)lue light are added togetherr in order to reproduce a broad array of colors. Abstraction - ANSWER-pulling specific difference to make one solution