NURS 650 Pharm Exam 3 questions with correct
answers
What does ADME stand for? Correct Answer-Absorption, distribution,
metabolism, & elimination.
Define pharmacokinetics Correct Answer-ADME.
Define pharmacodynamics Correct Answer-Effects of drugs and MOA.
Define mechanism of action Correct Answer-Pharmacological effect;
specific molecular targets to which the drug binds, such as an enzyme or
receptor.
List 2 factors that impact GI absorption in pediatrics. Correct Answer-
pH dependent passive diffusion & gastric emptying time.
Gastric emptying time in premature children is different compared to
adults how? Correct Answer-Premature infants have slower gastric
emptying time, resulting in prolonged contact time with GI mucosa.
They also have more effective absorption than adults.
A full-term infant's pH is ____ to _____ at birth. It declines to _____ to
_____ by 24 hours. Correct Answer-6 - 8; 1 - 3.
A premature infant's gastric pH remains ______ due to ______ acid
secretion. Correct Answer-high; immature
,Premature infant's gastric emptying time is _______, so drugs with
limited absorption in adults may be absorbed ________ in premature
infants because of _______ time with the GI mucosa. Correct Answer-
Slow; efficiently; contract
It is _______ to predict the net factors of ________ and _________ on
drug absorption in pediatrics. Correct Answer-Impossible; pH dependent
passive diffusion; gastric emptying time.
_________ has been reported to absorb rapidly in pediatrics; however,
______ absorption may be delayed. Correct Answer-Phenobarbital;
diazepam.
The absorption of drugs administered _________ is _______ in
premature infants. Correct Answer-IMly; altered.
Drugs are ________ administered IM in premature infants; only
performed when _______ _______ is unattainable. Correct Answer-
Rarely; IV access.
What factors impact IM drug absorption in premature infants? Correct
Answer-Different muscle mass, poor perfusion to various muscles,
peripheral vasomotor instability, and insufficient muscle contractions.
Percutaneous absorption of drugs ________ substantially in ______.
Correct Answer-increases; newborns.
, What causes percutaneous absorption to be increased in newborns?
Correct Answer-Underdeveloped epidermal barrier, increased skin
hydration, and total body surface weight to total body weight is highest
in the young.
Systemic absorption of commonly applied topical drugs, like
corticosteroids, may be _____ in infants/ young children versus ____.
Correct Answer-higher; adults
Increased exposure to topical drugs can produce ____ effects post
exposure to hexachlorophene soaps, powders, _______ acid ointment,
and _______ _______. Correct Answer-toxic; salicylic; rubbing alcohol.
Premature infants have a _____ serum concentration of ______ labile
drugs like ______, ______, and lower serum acid concentrations such as
________ can be explained by a higher gastric pH. Correct Answer-
Higher; acid; penicillin; ampicillin; phenobarbital.
Oral absorption of acetaminophen is ______ in neonates versus older
children and adults. Correct Answer-Decreased.
Oral absorption of __________, a cardiac glycoside, is _________ in
neonates compared to older children and adults. Correct Answer-
Digoxin; the same
answers
What does ADME stand for? Correct Answer-Absorption, distribution,
metabolism, & elimination.
Define pharmacokinetics Correct Answer-ADME.
Define pharmacodynamics Correct Answer-Effects of drugs and MOA.
Define mechanism of action Correct Answer-Pharmacological effect;
specific molecular targets to which the drug binds, such as an enzyme or
receptor.
List 2 factors that impact GI absorption in pediatrics. Correct Answer-
pH dependent passive diffusion & gastric emptying time.
Gastric emptying time in premature children is different compared to
adults how? Correct Answer-Premature infants have slower gastric
emptying time, resulting in prolonged contact time with GI mucosa.
They also have more effective absorption than adults.
A full-term infant's pH is ____ to _____ at birth. It declines to _____ to
_____ by 24 hours. Correct Answer-6 - 8; 1 - 3.
A premature infant's gastric pH remains ______ due to ______ acid
secretion. Correct Answer-high; immature
,Premature infant's gastric emptying time is _______, so drugs with
limited absorption in adults may be absorbed ________ in premature
infants because of _______ time with the GI mucosa. Correct Answer-
Slow; efficiently; contract
It is _______ to predict the net factors of ________ and _________ on
drug absorption in pediatrics. Correct Answer-Impossible; pH dependent
passive diffusion; gastric emptying time.
_________ has been reported to absorb rapidly in pediatrics; however,
______ absorption may be delayed. Correct Answer-Phenobarbital;
diazepam.
The absorption of drugs administered _________ is _______ in
premature infants. Correct Answer-IMly; altered.
Drugs are ________ administered IM in premature infants; only
performed when _______ _______ is unattainable. Correct Answer-
Rarely; IV access.
What factors impact IM drug absorption in premature infants? Correct
Answer-Different muscle mass, poor perfusion to various muscles,
peripheral vasomotor instability, and insufficient muscle contractions.
Percutaneous absorption of drugs ________ substantially in ______.
Correct Answer-increases; newborns.
, What causes percutaneous absorption to be increased in newborns?
Correct Answer-Underdeveloped epidermal barrier, increased skin
hydration, and total body surface weight to total body weight is highest
in the young.
Systemic absorption of commonly applied topical drugs, like
corticosteroids, may be _____ in infants/ young children versus ____.
Correct Answer-higher; adults
Increased exposure to topical drugs can produce ____ effects post
exposure to hexachlorophene soaps, powders, _______ acid ointment,
and _______ _______. Correct Answer-toxic; salicylic; rubbing alcohol.
Premature infants have a _____ serum concentration of ______ labile
drugs like ______, ______, and lower serum acid concentrations such as
________ can be explained by a higher gastric pH. Correct Answer-
Higher; acid; penicillin; ampicillin; phenobarbital.
Oral absorption of acetaminophen is ______ in neonates versus older
children and adults. Correct Answer-Decreased.
Oral absorption of __________, a cardiac glycoside, is _________ in
neonates compared to older children and adults. Correct Answer-
Digoxin; the same
