Biology 20 Unit D Exam Questions and
Answers
Actin - Answers -A protein that, along with myosin, is the chief component of muscle;
makes up the thin filament of a muscle fibre.
Aldosterone - Answers -A type of mineralocorticoid hormone secreted by the adrenal
cortex; stimulates the distal tubule and collecting duct of the kidneys to increase the
absorption of sodium into the bloodstream, which is followed by the passive absorption
of water and chloride.
Anabolic - Answers -Compound-synthesizing metabolic reaction.
Antibody - Answers -Proteins that recognize foreign substances in the body and
neutralize or destroy them.
Antidiuretic Hormone - Answers -Hormone regulated by the hypothalamus and released
by the pituitary gland that increases the permeability of the distal tubule and the
collecting duct in the nephrons of the kidneys, allowing more water to be reabsorbed
into the blood from the filtrate.
Arterial Pressure - Answers -The pressure blood exerts on artery walls.
Atrophy - Answers -A reduction in size, tone, and power in muscle.
Bladder - Answers -The organ where urine is stored before being discharged by the
urethra.
Bowman's Capsule - Answers -In the kidney, cap-like formation at the top of each
nephron that serves as a filtration structure; surrounds the glomerulus.
Catabolic - Answers -Compound-decomposing metabolic reaction.
Catalyze - Answers -To increase the rate of reaction.
Cell-Mediated Immunity - Answers -Non-specific component of the immune system that
involves the activation of white blood cells, specifically macrophages, neutrophils, and
monocytes, rather than the production of antibodies.
, Chemoreceptor - Answers -Sensory receptor that is sensitive to chemical stimulation;
e.g. taste, smell, and blood pH.
Chyme - Answers -Thick liquid formed by mixing food with gastric juice in the stomach.
Cilia - Answers -Small, hairlike organs on the surface of some cells, particularly cells
lining the upper respiratory tract.
Coagulation - Answers -The process where a damaged blood vessel wall is covered by
a platelet and fibrin-containing clot to stop the bleeding and begin repair on the
damaged vessel.
Congenital - Answers -Appearing at birth due to a heredity/genetic abnormality or from
complications during pregnancy.
Connective Tissue - Answers -The material between the cells of the body that gives
tissues form and strength. This tissue is also involved in delivering nutrients.
Countercurrent Heat Exchange - Answers -A mechanism used to transfer heat from one
flowing current of fluid to another across a semi-permeable membrane. Birds use this
between blood vessels in their legs to keep heat concentrated within their bodies.
Constrict - Answers -To make smaller or narrower, especially in one place, by
squeezing. Blood vessels will do this to reduce blood flow.
Dehydration - Answers -A relative deficiency of water molecules in relation to other
dissolved solutions; can be caused by blood loss, vomiting, excess exertion, or
malnutrition.
Dehydration Synthesis - Answers -Chemical reaction that results in the formation of a
covalent bond between two subunit molecules by the removal of an -OH (hydroxyl)
group from one subunit and a hydrogen atom from the other subunit; essentially, a
molecule of water (H2O) is removed.
Diabetes Insipidus - Answers -A disorder characterized by excessive thirst, weakness,
and heavy and frequent urination due to insufficient levels of anti-diuretic hormone
(ADH).
Diastole - Answers -The relaxation of the heart.
Dilate - Answers -To make wider or larger; cause to expand or swell; stretch. Blood
vessels will do this to increase blood flow.
Distal Tubule - Answers -In the kidney, tubular portion of the nephron that lies between
the loop of Henle and the proximal tubule; main function is reabsorbtion of water and
solutes, and secretion of various substances.
Answers
Actin - Answers -A protein that, along with myosin, is the chief component of muscle;
makes up the thin filament of a muscle fibre.
Aldosterone - Answers -A type of mineralocorticoid hormone secreted by the adrenal
cortex; stimulates the distal tubule and collecting duct of the kidneys to increase the
absorption of sodium into the bloodstream, which is followed by the passive absorption
of water and chloride.
Anabolic - Answers -Compound-synthesizing metabolic reaction.
Antibody - Answers -Proteins that recognize foreign substances in the body and
neutralize or destroy them.
Antidiuretic Hormone - Answers -Hormone regulated by the hypothalamus and released
by the pituitary gland that increases the permeability of the distal tubule and the
collecting duct in the nephrons of the kidneys, allowing more water to be reabsorbed
into the blood from the filtrate.
Arterial Pressure - Answers -The pressure blood exerts on artery walls.
Atrophy - Answers -A reduction in size, tone, and power in muscle.
Bladder - Answers -The organ where urine is stored before being discharged by the
urethra.
Bowman's Capsule - Answers -In the kidney, cap-like formation at the top of each
nephron that serves as a filtration structure; surrounds the glomerulus.
Catabolic - Answers -Compound-decomposing metabolic reaction.
Catalyze - Answers -To increase the rate of reaction.
Cell-Mediated Immunity - Answers -Non-specific component of the immune system that
involves the activation of white blood cells, specifically macrophages, neutrophils, and
monocytes, rather than the production of antibodies.
, Chemoreceptor - Answers -Sensory receptor that is sensitive to chemical stimulation;
e.g. taste, smell, and blood pH.
Chyme - Answers -Thick liquid formed by mixing food with gastric juice in the stomach.
Cilia - Answers -Small, hairlike organs on the surface of some cells, particularly cells
lining the upper respiratory tract.
Coagulation - Answers -The process where a damaged blood vessel wall is covered by
a platelet and fibrin-containing clot to stop the bleeding and begin repair on the
damaged vessel.
Congenital - Answers -Appearing at birth due to a heredity/genetic abnormality or from
complications during pregnancy.
Connective Tissue - Answers -The material between the cells of the body that gives
tissues form and strength. This tissue is also involved in delivering nutrients.
Countercurrent Heat Exchange - Answers -A mechanism used to transfer heat from one
flowing current of fluid to another across a semi-permeable membrane. Birds use this
between blood vessels in their legs to keep heat concentrated within their bodies.
Constrict - Answers -To make smaller or narrower, especially in one place, by
squeezing. Blood vessels will do this to reduce blood flow.
Dehydration - Answers -A relative deficiency of water molecules in relation to other
dissolved solutions; can be caused by blood loss, vomiting, excess exertion, or
malnutrition.
Dehydration Synthesis - Answers -Chemical reaction that results in the formation of a
covalent bond between two subunit molecules by the removal of an -OH (hydroxyl)
group from one subunit and a hydrogen atom from the other subunit; essentially, a
molecule of water (H2O) is removed.
Diabetes Insipidus - Answers -A disorder characterized by excessive thirst, weakness,
and heavy and frequent urination due to insufficient levels of anti-diuretic hormone
(ADH).
Diastole - Answers -The relaxation of the heart.
Dilate - Answers -To make wider or larger; cause to expand or swell; stretch. Blood
vessels will do this to increase blood flow.
Distal Tubule - Answers -In the kidney, tubular portion of the nephron that lies between
the loop of Henle and the proximal tubule; main function is reabsorbtion of water and
solutes, and secretion of various substances.
