DERMATOLOGY
Full Year work
, 1
Table of Contents
DERMATOLOGY: KEY DEFINITIONS (DEFS) ................................................................................................ 3
EXPLORING THE TOPOGRAPHY OF THE SKIN .................................................................................................. 4
Thickness and Texture .......................................................................................................... 4
Functions of Skin Topography ............................................................................................... 4
VASCULAR NETWORK AND PROTECTION ....................................................................................................... 5
Treatments to Improve Skin Texture ................................................................................... 5
SCARRING AND WOUND HEALING: AN IN-DEPTH EXPLORATION ..................................................................... 5
Understanding Scarring ........................................................................................................ 5
Factors Influencing Scar Formation ...................................................................................... 6
Phases of Wound Healing Cascade ....................................................................................... 6
Types of Scars ...................................................................................................................... 7
Treatment Approaches for Scars........................................................................................... 8
Skin Pigmentation Disorders .............................................................................................. 8
Vitiligo .................................................................................................................................. 9
Albinism ............................................................................................................................. 10
Genetics of Albinism ............................................................................................................ 11
Research on Tyrosinase Inhibitors ......................................................................................... 11
Additional Concepts .......................................................................................................... 11
Acne and Acne Look-A-Likes............................................................................................. 12
Standard Treatment Approaches ...................................................................................... 12
Types of Acne to Note .......................................................................................................... 12
Acne Look-a-Likes ............................................................................................................. 13
Erythemato-Squamous Disorders (ESDs) ........................................................................ 13
Detailed Explanation of Conditions ................................................................................... 14
Psoriasis: Key Features and Management......................................................................... 16
Treatment for Psoriasis .................................................................................................... 17
Vascular Disorders ............................................................................................................ 17
Types of Vascular Disorders ............................................................................................... 18
Disorders of Keratinization ............................................................................................... 19
Cutaneous gland disorders ................................................................................................ 21
DISORDERS OF THE SCALP ......................................................................................................... 22
I. REVISION ON HAIR ............................................................................................................................... 22
A. Normal Hair Growth Cycle ................................................................................................ 22
II. A HEALTHY SCALP ............................................................................................................................... 22
A. Characteristics ................................................................................................................ 22
III. PITYRIASIS SIMPLEX ............................................................................................................................ 23
A. Definition ........................................................................................................................ 23
B. Cause............................................................................................................................. 23
C. Types ............................................................................................................................. 23
D. Treatment ....................................................................................................................... 23
IV. SEBORRHOEA .................................................................................................................................... 23
A. Definition ........................................................................................................................ 24
B. Characteristics ................................................................................................................ 24
C. Causes ........................................................................................................................... 24
D. Treatment ....................................................................................................................... 24
V. ALOPECIA .......................................................................................................................................... 24
A. Definition ........................................................................................................................ 24
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B. Types of Alopecia ............................................................................................................. 24
C. Treatment ....................................................................................................................... 25
VI. CANITIES .......................................................................................................................................... 25
A. Definition ........................................................................................................................ 25
B. Characteristics ................................................................................................................ 25
C. Treatment ....................................................................................................................... 25
VII. NON-CONTAGIOUS DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH HAIR AND SCALP ....................................................... 26
A. Additional Disorders ......................................................................................................... 26
B. Treatments for Hair and Scalp Disorders............................................................................. 26
ALLERGIC SKIN CONDITIONS: DETAILED OVERVIEW ..................................................................... 26
PART 1: CONCEPTS OF ALLERGIC SKIN CONDITIONS ..................................................................................... 26
Classification of Eczema ...................................................................................................... 26
Key Terms to Know ............................................................................................................... 26
Types of Reactions ............................................................................................................... 27
Dr. Thomas Lewis and the Triple Response (1924) ................................................................... 27
PART 2: TREATMENT APPROACHES ........................................................................................................... 28
Immune System Overview .................................................................................................... 28
Allergic Reactions ................................................................................................................ 28
Inflammatory Response ....................................................................................................... 28
Dermatitis Overview............................................................................................................. 28
Characteristics of Eczema .................................................................................................... 28
Common Types of Eczema Seen by Somatologists .................................................................. 29
Causes of Eczema ............................................................................................................... 29
Seborrhoeic Dermatitis ........................................................................................................ 30
TREATMENT APPROACHES FOR ECZEMA/DERMATITIS ................................................................. 30
1. TOPICAL STEROIDS .............................................................................................................................. 30
2. MOISTURIZERS.................................................................................................................................... 31
3. ESSENTIAL OILS .................................................................................................................................. 31
4. ANTIHISTAMINES ................................................................................................................................. 31
COMMON IRRITANT AGENTS...................................................................................................................... 31
HIGH-RISK OCCUPATIONS ....................................................................................................................... 32
LIFESTYLE AND ADVICE TO MANAGE ECZEMA ................................................................................................ 32
1. Diet ................................................................................................................................ 32
2. Exercise .......................................................................................................................... 32
3. Patch Testing ................................................................................................................... 32
4. Sun Exposure................................................................................................................... 33
SKIN / CUTANEOUS TUMORS .................................................................................................................... 33
Definition ............................................................................................................................ 33
Types of Tumors .................................................................................................................. 33
Key Considerations .............................................................................................................. 35
VIRAL INFECTIONS OVERVIEW.................................................................................................................... 35
1. Virology ........................................................................................................................... 35
2. Types of Viral Infections .................................................................................................... 36
3. Herpes Virus Infections ..................................................................................................... 37
4. Measles and Rubella ........................................................................................................ 38
Bacterial Infections Overview ................................................................................................ 38
Other Bacterial Diseases ...................................................................................................... 39
Recognizing a Bacterial Infection ........................................................................................... 40
Fungal Infections Overview ................................................................................................ 41
Types of Tinea ..................................................................................................................... 41
Candida Albicans ................................................................................................................ 42
Related Conditions .............................................................................................................. 42
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Disease-Causing Parasites Overview .................................................................................. 43
1. Scabies ........................................................................................................................... 43
2. Pediculosis (Infestation with Lice) ...................................................................................... 44
Pediculosis Corporis (Body Lice) ........................................................................................... 45
Pthirus Pubis (Pubic Lice) ..................................................................................................... 45
Insect Bites ......................................................................................................................... 45
Dermatology: Key Definitions (DEFS)
1. Pathology: The study of disease and its effects on the body, encompassing changes at
the cellular and tissue levels.
2. Congenital: Refers to conditions or abnormalities present at birth, which can result
from genetic or environmental factors.
3. Infectious Disease: Illnesses caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria,
viruses, fungi, or parasites, which can spread from one individual to another.
4. Chronic: Diseases characterized by long-developing symptoms, often persisting for
months or years, requiring ongoing management.
5. Etiology: The study of the cause, or set of causes, of a disease or condition, which can
be multifactorial.
6. Contagious: Diseases that can be transmitted from one person to another through
direct or indirect contact.
7. Delayed Reaction: An adverse response that occurs 24 to 48 hours after exposure to a
triggering agent, often seen in allergic reactions.
8. Epidemic: A sudden outbreak of disease within a specific geographic area or
population, significantly exceeding the expected frequency.
9. Diagnosis: The identification of a disease based on the evaluation of its symptoms,
medical history, and diagnostic tests.
10. Acute: Diseases or conditions with a rapid onset and typically a short duration,
requiring immediate attention.
11. Immunological: Pertaining to the immune response, involving the body’s defense
mechanisms against pathogens and foreign substances.
12. Pruritus: A medical term for itching, which can be a symptom of various
dermatological conditions.
13. Dermatology: The branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of
skin disorders, encompassing healthy skin and its diseases.
14. Erythematous: Referring to abnormal redness of the skin due to inflammation,
increased blood flow, or irritation.
15. Pandemic: A disease outbreak that occurs on a global scale, affecting a large number
of people across multiple countries or continents.
Full Year work
, 1
Table of Contents
DERMATOLOGY: KEY DEFINITIONS (DEFS) ................................................................................................ 3
EXPLORING THE TOPOGRAPHY OF THE SKIN .................................................................................................. 4
Thickness and Texture .......................................................................................................... 4
Functions of Skin Topography ............................................................................................... 4
VASCULAR NETWORK AND PROTECTION ....................................................................................................... 5
Treatments to Improve Skin Texture ................................................................................... 5
SCARRING AND WOUND HEALING: AN IN-DEPTH EXPLORATION ..................................................................... 5
Understanding Scarring ........................................................................................................ 5
Factors Influencing Scar Formation ...................................................................................... 6
Phases of Wound Healing Cascade ....................................................................................... 6
Types of Scars ...................................................................................................................... 7
Treatment Approaches for Scars........................................................................................... 8
Skin Pigmentation Disorders .............................................................................................. 8
Vitiligo .................................................................................................................................. 9
Albinism ............................................................................................................................. 10
Genetics of Albinism ............................................................................................................ 11
Research on Tyrosinase Inhibitors ......................................................................................... 11
Additional Concepts .......................................................................................................... 11
Acne and Acne Look-A-Likes............................................................................................. 12
Standard Treatment Approaches ...................................................................................... 12
Types of Acne to Note .......................................................................................................... 12
Acne Look-a-Likes ............................................................................................................. 13
Erythemato-Squamous Disorders (ESDs) ........................................................................ 13
Detailed Explanation of Conditions ................................................................................... 14
Psoriasis: Key Features and Management......................................................................... 16
Treatment for Psoriasis .................................................................................................... 17
Vascular Disorders ............................................................................................................ 17
Types of Vascular Disorders ............................................................................................... 18
Disorders of Keratinization ............................................................................................... 19
Cutaneous gland disorders ................................................................................................ 21
DISORDERS OF THE SCALP ......................................................................................................... 22
I. REVISION ON HAIR ............................................................................................................................... 22
A. Normal Hair Growth Cycle ................................................................................................ 22
II. A HEALTHY SCALP ............................................................................................................................... 22
A. Characteristics ................................................................................................................ 22
III. PITYRIASIS SIMPLEX ............................................................................................................................ 23
A. Definition ........................................................................................................................ 23
B. Cause............................................................................................................................. 23
C. Types ............................................................................................................................. 23
D. Treatment ....................................................................................................................... 23
IV. SEBORRHOEA .................................................................................................................................... 23
A. Definition ........................................................................................................................ 24
B. Characteristics ................................................................................................................ 24
C. Causes ........................................................................................................................... 24
D. Treatment ....................................................................................................................... 24
V. ALOPECIA .......................................................................................................................................... 24
A. Definition ........................................................................................................................ 24
, 2
B. Types of Alopecia ............................................................................................................. 24
C. Treatment ....................................................................................................................... 25
VI. CANITIES .......................................................................................................................................... 25
A. Definition ........................................................................................................................ 25
B. Characteristics ................................................................................................................ 25
C. Treatment ....................................................................................................................... 25
VII. NON-CONTAGIOUS DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH HAIR AND SCALP ....................................................... 26
A. Additional Disorders ......................................................................................................... 26
B. Treatments for Hair and Scalp Disorders............................................................................. 26
ALLERGIC SKIN CONDITIONS: DETAILED OVERVIEW ..................................................................... 26
PART 1: CONCEPTS OF ALLERGIC SKIN CONDITIONS ..................................................................................... 26
Classification of Eczema ...................................................................................................... 26
Key Terms to Know ............................................................................................................... 26
Types of Reactions ............................................................................................................... 27
Dr. Thomas Lewis and the Triple Response (1924) ................................................................... 27
PART 2: TREATMENT APPROACHES ........................................................................................................... 28
Immune System Overview .................................................................................................... 28
Allergic Reactions ................................................................................................................ 28
Inflammatory Response ....................................................................................................... 28
Dermatitis Overview............................................................................................................. 28
Characteristics of Eczema .................................................................................................... 28
Common Types of Eczema Seen by Somatologists .................................................................. 29
Causes of Eczema ............................................................................................................... 29
Seborrhoeic Dermatitis ........................................................................................................ 30
TREATMENT APPROACHES FOR ECZEMA/DERMATITIS ................................................................. 30
1. TOPICAL STEROIDS .............................................................................................................................. 30
2. MOISTURIZERS.................................................................................................................................... 31
3. ESSENTIAL OILS .................................................................................................................................. 31
4. ANTIHISTAMINES ................................................................................................................................. 31
COMMON IRRITANT AGENTS...................................................................................................................... 31
HIGH-RISK OCCUPATIONS ....................................................................................................................... 32
LIFESTYLE AND ADVICE TO MANAGE ECZEMA ................................................................................................ 32
1. Diet ................................................................................................................................ 32
2. Exercise .......................................................................................................................... 32
3. Patch Testing ................................................................................................................... 32
4. Sun Exposure................................................................................................................... 33
SKIN / CUTANEOUS TUMORS .................................................................................................................... 33
Definition ............................................................................................................................ 33
Types of Tumors .................................................................................................................. 33
Key Considerations .............................................................................................................. 35
VIRAL INFECTIONS OVERVIEW.................................................................................................................... 35
1. Virology ........................................................................................................................... 35
2. Types of Viral Infections .................................................................................................... 36
3. Herpes Virus Infections ..................................................................................................... 37
4. Measles and Rubella ........................................................................................................ 38
Bacterial Infections Overview ................................................................................................ 38
Other Bacterial Diseases ...................................................................................................... 39
Recognizing a Bacterial Infection ........................................................................................... 40
Fungal Infections Overview ................................................................................................ 41
Types of Tinea ..................................................................................................................... 41
Candida Albicans ................................................................................................................ 42
Related Conditions .............................................................................................................. 42
, 3
Disease-Causing Parasites Overview .................................................................................. 43
1. Scabies ........................................................................................................................... 43
2. Pediculosis (Infestation with Lice) ...................................................................................... 44
Pediculosis Corporis (Body Lice) ........................................................................................... 45
Pthirus Pubis (Pubic Lice) ..................................................................................................... 45
Insect Bites ......................................................................................................................... 45
Dermatology: Key Definitions (DEFS)
1. Pathology: The study of disease and its effects on the body, encompassing changes at
the cellular and tissue levels.
2. Congenital: Refers to conditions or abnormalities present at birth, which can result
from genetic or environmental factors.
3. Infectious Disease: Illnesses caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria,
viruses, fungi, or parasites, which can spread from one individual to another.
4. Chronic: Diseases characterized by long-developing symptoms, often persisting for
months or years, requiring ongoing management.
5. Etiology: The study of the cause, or set of causes, of a disease or condition, which can
be multifactorial.
6. Contagious: Diseases that can be transmitted from one person to another through
direct or indirect contact.
7. Delayed Reaction: An adverse response that occurs 24 to 48 hours after exposure to a
triggering agent, often seen in allergic reactions.
8. Epidemic: A sudden outbreak of disease within a specific geographic area or
population, significantly exceeding the expected frequency.
9. Diagnosis: The identification of a disease based on the evaluation of its symptoms,
medical history, and diagnostic tests.
10. Acute: Diseases or conditions with a rapid onset and typically a short duration,
requiring immediate attention.
11. Immunological: Pertaining to the immune response, involving the body’s defense
mechanisms against pathogens and foreign substances.
12. Pruritus: A medical term for itching, which can be a symptom of various
dermatological conditions.
13. Dermatology: The branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of
skin disorders, encompassing healthy skin and its diseases.
14. Erythematous: Referring to abnormal redness of the skin due to inflammation,
increased blood flow, or irritation.
15. Pandemic: A disease outbreak that occurs on a global scale, affecting a large number
of people across multiple countries or continents.
