human evolution exam 1 ch2-4 Questions & Answers

Frameshift mutations are more likely to have an impact at the phenotypic level because they: Question 8 options: are the result of a change in a single nucleotide. are the result of exposure to radiation. produce a protein having no function. are mobile pieces of DNA. - ANSWERSproduce a protein having no function The advantageous "attributes" to which Darwin refers are now known as: Question options: traits. genes. alleles. chromosomes. - ANSWERStraits Adaptive radiation occurs when: Question options: one species gives rise to multiple closely related species. several species adapt to one environment. species adapt to environments with high radiation levels. an individual adapts to varying environments. - ANSWERSone species gives rise to multiple closely related species. Evolutionary synthesis is: Question options: the concept of evolution through natural selection. a unified theory of evolution that combines genetics with natural selection. a combination of the inheritance of acquired characteristics and natural selection. the combination of the theory of evolution and Linnaean taxonomy. - ANSWERSa unified theory of evolution that combines genetics with natural selection. Thomas Malthus's contribution to natural selection is the: a. binomial taxonomic system of naming species. b. theory that the earth's old age is based on geologic evidence resulting from cataclysmic events. c. observation that an abundance of food would allow a population to increase geometrically and indefinitely, but there simply is not enough food, so populations are limited by food supply. d. theory that environmental resources increase to population pressures. - ANSWERSc. observation that an abundance of food would allow a population to increase geometrically and indefinitely, but there simply is not enough food, so populations are limited by food supply. Darwinian evolution proposes that: a. species adapt and change over time based on the environment. b. an individual can change within its own lifetime. c. species adapt based on individual goals. d. individuals determine their own biological adaptations. - ANSWERSa. species adapt and change over time based on the environment. James Hutton is associated primarily with: a. adaptation. b. catastrophism. c. uniformitarianism. d. principles of heredity. - ANSWERSc. uniformitarianism. According to Darwin, natural selection operates at the level of: a. individuals. b. genes. c. populations. d. species. - ANSWERSa. individuals. How was Darwin influenced by Thomas Malthus's work on population growth? a. Darwin was interested in Malthus's examination of population changes in pea plants. b. Darwin was influenced by Malthus's work on demography and population responses to food availability. c. Darwin liked the concept of Latin taxonomic classification as it pertained to human groups. d. Darwin was greatly influenced by research on acquired characteristics. - ANSWERSb. Darwin was influenced by Malthus's work on demography and population responses to food availability. The forces of evolution include: a. gene flow, mutations, chromosomes, and genes. b. mutations, genes, and genetic drift. c. natural selection, variation (mutation) gene flow, and genetic drift. d. natural selection, genes, alleles, and chromosomes. - ANSWERSc. natural selection, variation (mutation) gene flow, and genetic drift. How did Lamarck contribute to the theory of evolution? a. He discovered genetic mutation through experiments with pea plants. b. He proposed the concept of natural selection after his voyage to the Galapagos Islands and his study of finches. c. He proposed the first serious model of how traits are passed on from parent to offspring through inheritance of acquired characteristics, though that idea turned out to be incorrect. d. He proposed a concept known today as gene flow. - ANSWERSc. He proposed the first serious model of how traits are passed on from parent to offspring through inheritance of acquired characteristics, though that idea turned out to be incorrect. The scientist who coined the name Homo sapiens for human beings and placed them in a higher taxonomic group (primates) was: a. Charles Darwin. b. Georges Cuvier. c. Carolus Linnaeus. d. Robert Hooke. - ANSWERSc. Carolus Linnaeus. In your textbook, the lower frequency of sickle-cell anemia among present-day Americans of West African ancestry as compared to people living in West Africa blacks is attributed to: a. genetic drift. b. gene flow. c. new mutations. d. none of the above - ANSWERSb. gene flow. Why are Darwin's finches considered good examples of natural selection? a. They are found on every continent. b. They originated in North America, according to fossil evidence. c. They embody the idea of descent with modification. d. They did not differ between populations. - ANSWERSc. They embody the idea of descent with modification. Linnaeus's taxonomic system is referred to as a "hierarchy" because: a. each species has a "higher level" genus and "lower level" species, and are placed within additional higher level categories. b. species are placed in a ranked list called the "Great Chain of Being." c. humans are considered the most evolved species. d. naming species officially requires approval of an appointed board of high-level experts. - ANSWERSa. each species has a "higher level" genus and "lower level" species, and are placed within additional higher level categories. Gene flow differs from genetic drift because gene flow is: a. a random change in the frequency of alleles due to isolation or migration of smaller populations. b. random change in a gene or chromosome. c. the guiding force of evolution. d. the spread of new genetic material from one gene pool to another. - ANSWERSd. the spread of new genetic material from one gene pool to another. Question 1 Unsaved The scientist whose work provided the foundation for later understandings of genetics was: Question 1 options: John Ray. Gregor Mendel. Charles Darwin. Robert Hooke. - ANSWERSGregor Mendel Cuvier, Lamarck, and Erasmus Darwin all shared an idea of evolution; however, their ideas all lacked: the longevity necessary for evolution to take place. a basic understanding of inheritance. an understanding of variation. d. a mechanism for evolutionary change. - ANSWERSd. a mechanism for evolutionary change. The geneticist who studied the workings of fruit flies' chromosomes was: Question 5 options: Charles Darwin. Gregor Mendel. Thomas Hunt Morgan. Thomas Huxley. - ANSWERSThomas Hunt Morgan. Question 6 Unsaved Without the work of x-ray crystallographer _______, DNA might not have been discovered for some time longer than it was. Question 6 options: James Watson Francis Crick Thomas Malthus Rosalind Franklin - ANSWERSRosalind Franklin Question 7 Unsaved Charles Darwin's book On the Origin of Species (1859) was considered an important contribution to modern science because it: Question 7 options: coined the concept of evolution. synthesized information from diverse scientific fields in order to document evolutionary change. was immediately and widely accepted by the scientific community as the mechanism for evolutionary change. proposed the use of the scientific method for the first time. - ANSWERSsynthesized information from diverse scientific fields in order to document evolutionary change. Uniformitarianism is the theory that: Question 9 options: the earth is very old, based on geologic evidence from stratigraphic layers in Scotland. the natural processes operating today are the same as the natural processes that operated in the past. the uniformity of species is derived from the common ancestor of all species. processes such as earthquakes are evidence supporting catastrophism as proposed by Lamarck. - ANSWERSthe natural processes operating today are the same as the natural processes that operated in the past. Question 10 Saved James Hutton: Question 10 options: extensively studied fossils. revealed that fossils would provide the history of past life. created the first scientific classification of plants and animals. provided geologic evidence necessary for calculating the time span of evolution. - ANSWERSprovided geologic evidence necessary for calculating the time span of evolution. Mendel's plant experiments demonstrated that: Question 1 options: traits inherited from each parent blended together in the offspring. DNA was the molecule carrying the genetic code. peas were a poor choice for understanding basic hereditary principles. traits are passed on from parent to offspring as discrete units. - ANSWERStraits are passed on from parent to offspring as discrete units. Darwin observed that adaptations: Question 2 options: resulted from supernatural forces. did not vary among Galápagos finches living in different habitats. were physical traits that enhanced survival and reproduction. were peripheral to evolutionary change. - ANSWERSwere physical traits that enhanced survival and reproduction. Thomas Hunt Morgan: Question 3 options: demonstrated that chromosomes carry genetic material in the form of genes. studied mutations in Homo sapiens. thought change was gradual and occurred over long time periods. proposed the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics. - ANSWERSdemonstrated that chromosomes carry genetic material in the form of genes. Fossils represent the remains of once-living: Question 6 options: extant species that tell the story of human origins. extinct organisms that provide a record of the history of life on the planet. plants that provide proof of catastrophism. organisms that demonstrate the age of the earth through the process of uniformitarianism. - ANSWERSextinct organisms that provide a record of the history of life on the planet. Question 9 Unsaved The individual genotypes in a breeding population, taken as a whole, are the: Question 9 options: gene pool. DNA. phenotype. polygene. - ANSWERSgene pool. Why is the work of Alfred Russell Wallace considered when discussing the theory of evolution? Question 3 options: He was an English naturalist who had arrived at many of the same conclusions as Darwin through his own research. His work is not considered, as he was mistakenly credited with the theory of natural selection. He was a British dog breeder who worked on artificial selection experiments in the same way Mendel worked on sweet peas to determine inheritance. He was the most prominent scientist of the time who opposed Darwin's work on evolution. - ANSWERSHe was an English naturalist who had arrived at many of the same conclusions as Darwin through his own research.