NURSING PHARMACOLOGY. THE BEST EXAM REVISION
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (ALREADY GRADED A+) (2024
UPDATE) 100%
Topical Nasal Steroid Decongestants (Flunisolide) - ANSWER- Blocks local inflammatory
response, used to treat allergic rhinitis and as a prophylactic treatment of asthma, increases risk of
infection, results may 2-3 weeks to appear
Oral Decongestants (Pseudoephedrine) - ANSWER- Vasoconstricts vessels in nasal mucosa,
used to treat congestion associated with upper respiratory tract infections, monitor vitals in patients
with cardiovascular conditions, avoid using over the counter medications that also contain
pseudoephedrine
Antitussives (Dextromethorphan) - ANSWER- Suppression of medullary cough reflex, treats
unproductive cough, do not use in children under 4, sedative effects increased in older adults,
First Generation Antihistamines (Diphenhydramine) - ANSWER- Antagonizes histamine
effects at receptor sites, treats allergic reactions, provides mild sedation, increase fluid intake with
use, common in many over the counter medications, avoid use with alcohol
Expectorants (Guaifenesin) - ANSWER- Reduces secretion viscosity, treatment of URTI
coughs, instruct patients on effective coughing, do not use while breastfeeding, do not use for over
1 week
,Mucolytics (Acetylcysteine) - ANSWER- decrease the viscosity of respiratory secretions, used
to loosen secretions in patients who need bronchoscopy or with CF, increase fluids with use,
contraindicated in patients with bronchospasm
Sympathomimetics (Epinephrine) - ANSWER- Bronchodilator and vasoconstrictor,
management of allergic reactions, MI, reversible airway disease, take missed doses as soon as
possible, space doses evenly, observe for wheezing
Xanthines (Aminophylline) - ANSWER- Broncho and vaso- dilation, used to treat
bronchospasm with asthma, COPD, emphysema, do not use with over the counter medications,
nicotine use increases metabolism, adjust dose with changes to smoking habits
Anticholinergics (Ipratropium) - ANSWER- inhibits cholinergic receptors in bronchial smooth
muscle, used to treat reversible airway obstruction with asthma, COPD, emphysema, avoid
overusing, contraindicated for patients with an allergy to peanuts,
Inhaled Steroids (Budesonide) - ANSWER- Decreases inflammatory response, prophylactic
management of asthma, control of COPD, may take 2-3 weeks to reach therapeutic levels, with
asthmatic patients use bronchodilators before corticosteroids
Bronchoscopy - ANSWER- visual examination of the bronchi, detects lesions, bleeds, tumors,
can retrieve samples for culture tests
Pulmonary Function Tests - ANSWER- a group of tests that measure volume and flow of air
by utilizing a spirometer or peak flow meter, gives overall image of lung ability
,Arterial Blood Gasses - ANSWER- Test performed on arterial blood to determine levels of
oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH.
Phase I Drug Testing - ANSWER- Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group
of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side
effects.
Phase II Drug Testing - ANSWER- The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people
to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase III Drug Testing - ANSWER- The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people
to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and
collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Orphan Drugs - ANSWER- Drugs that are not financially viable, treat a specific condition
Thalidomide - ANSWER- A mild tranquilizer that, taken early in pregnancy, can produce a
variety of malformations of the limbs, eyes, ears, and heart.
Inflammatory response - ANSWER- Swelling (tumor), Heat (calor), Altered Function, Redness
(rubor), Pain (dolor)
Neutrophils - ANSWER- Most common type of white blood cell that engulfs microbes by
phagocytosis
Eosinophils - ANSWER- white blood cell that are responsible for combating infection by
parasites in vertebrates, seen with allergic reactions
, Endocytosis - ANSWER- process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of
the cell membrane
Basophils - ANSWER- A circulating leukocyte that produces histamine.
Monocytes - ANSWER- A type of white blood cell that transforms into macrophages
Histamine - ANSWER- A chemical that is responsible for the symptoms of an allergy
Active Transport - ANSWER- Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell
membrane against a concentration gradient
Passive Transport - ANSWER- the movement of substances across a cell membrane without
the use of energy by the cell
Osmosis - ANSWER- Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Teratogen - ANSWER- an agent or factor that causes malformation of an embryo.
Photosensitivity - ANSWER- increased reaction of the skin to exposure to sunlight
Therapeutic Action - ANSWER- The desired, intended action of a drug
Combination Therapy - ANSWER- Multiple drugs at the same time
Synergistic Effect - ANSWER- combined effect of two or more drugs is greater than the effect
of each drug alone
Inflammatory Response - ANSWER- nonspecific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by
injury or infection
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (ALREADY GRADED A+) (2024
UPDATE) 100%
Topical Nasal Steroid Decongestants (Flunisolide) - ANSWER- Blocks local inflammatory
response, used to treat allergic rhinitis and as a prophylactic treatment of asthma, increases risk of
infection, results may 2-3 weeks to appear
Oral Decongestants (Pseudoephedrine) - ANSWER- Vasoconstricts vessels in nasal mucosa,
used to treat congestion associated with upper respiratory tract infections, monitor vitals in patients
with cardiovascular conditions, avoid using over the counter medications that also contain
pseudoephedrine
Antitussives (Dextromethorphan) - ANSWER- Suppression of medullary cough reflex, treats
unproductive cough, do not use in children under 4, sedative effects increased in older adults,
First Generation Antihistamines (Diphenhydramine) - ANSWER- Antagonizes histamine
effects at receptor sites, treats allergic reactions, provides mild sedation, increase fluid intake with
use, common in many over the counter medications, avoid use with alcohol
Expectorants (Guaifenesin) - ANSWER- Reduces secretion viscosity, treatment of URTI
coughs, instruct patients on effective coughing, do not use while breastfeeding, do not use for over
1 week
,Mucolytics (Acetylcysteine) - ANSWER- decrease the viscosity of respiratory secretions, used
to loosen secretions in patients who need bronchoscopy or with CF, increase fluids with use,
contraindicated in patients with bronchospasm
Sympathomimetics (Epinephrine) - ANSWER- Bronchodilator and vasoconstrictor,
management of allergic reactions, MI, reversible airway disease, take missed doses as soon as
possible, space doses evenly, observe for wheezing
Xanthines (Aminophylline) - ANSWER- Broncho and vaso- dilation, used to treat
bronchospasm with asthma, COPD, emphysema, do not use with over the counter medications,
nicotine use increases metabolism, adjust dose with changes to smoking habits
Anticholinergics (Ipratropium) - ANSWER- inhibits cholinergic receptors in bronchial smooth
muscle, used to treat reversible airway obstruction with asthma, COPD, emphysema, avoid
overusing, contraindicated for patients with an allergy to peanuts,
Inhaled Steroids (Budesonide) - ANSWER- Decreases inflammatory response, prophylactic
management of asthma, control of COPD, may take 2-3 weeks to reach therapeutic levels, with
asthmatic patients use bronchodilators before corticosteroids
Bronchoscopy - ANSWER- visual examination of the bronchi, detects lesions, bleeds, tumors,
can retrieve samples for culture tests
Pulmonary Function Tests - ANSWER- a group of tests that measure volume and flow of air
by utilizing a spirometer or peak flow meter, gives overall image of lung ability
,Arterial Blood Gasses - ANSWER- Test performed on arterial blood to determine levels of
oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH.
Phase I Drug Testing - ANSWER- Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group
of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side
effects.
Phase II Drug Testing - ANSWER- The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people
to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase III Drug Testing - ANSWER- The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people
to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and
collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Orphan Drugs - ANSWER- Drugs that are not financially viable, treat a specific condition
Thalidomide - ANSWER- A mild tranquilizer that, taken early in pregnancy, can produce a
variety of malformations of the limbs, eyes, ears, and heart.
Inflammatory response - ANSWER- Swelling (tumor), Heat (calor), Altered Function, Redness
(rubor), Pain (dolor)
Neutrophils - ANSWER- Most common type of white blood cell that engulfs microbes by
phagocytosis
Eosinophils - ANSWER- white blood cell that are responsible for combating infection by
parasites in vertebrates, seen with allergic reactions
, Endocytosis - ANSWER- process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of
the cell membrane
Basophils - ANSWER- A circulating leukocyte that produces histamine.
Monocytes - ANSWER- A type of white blood cell that transforms into macrophages
Histamine - ANSWER- A chemical that is responsible for the symptoms of an allergy
Active Transport - ANSWER- Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell
membrane against a concentration gradient
Passive Transport - ANSWER- the movement of substances across a cell membrane without
the use of energy by the cell
Osmosis - ANSWER- Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Teratogen - ANSWER- an agent or factor that causes malformation of an embryo.
Photosensitivity - ANSWER- increased reaction of the skin to exposure to sunlight
Therapeutic Action - ANSWER- The desired, intended action of a drug
Combination Therapy - ANSWER- Multiple drugs at the same time
Synergistic Effect - ANSWER- combined effect of two or more drugs is greater than the effect
of each drug alone
Inflammatory Response - ANSWER- nonspecific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by
injury or infection
