GCU Bio 182 Exam 2 questions and
answers graded A+ passed
Green Algae - correct answer ✔✔____________ called charophytes are the closest relatives of land
plants.
Land plants share four key traits with only charophytes - correct answer ✔✔• Rings of cellulose-
synthesizing complexes
• Peroxisome enzymes
• Structure of flagellated sperm
• Formation of a phragmoplast
Sporopollenin - correct answer ✔✔In charophytes a layer of a durable polymer called _____________
prevents exposed zygotes from drying out
Sporopollenin - correct answer ✔✔______________ is also found in plant spore walls
Four key traits appear in nearly all land plants but are absent in the charophytes - correct answer ✔✔•
Alternation of generations and multicellular, dependent embryos
• Walled spores produced in sporangia
• Multicellular gametangia
• Apical meristems
Alternation of Generations - correct answer ✔✔Plants alternate between two multicellular stages, a
reproductive cycle called ___________
Gametophyte - correct answer ✔✔The ____________ is haploid and produces haploid gametes by
mitosis
,Placental transfer cells - correct answer ✔✔Nutrients are transferred from parent to embryo through
___________________
Embryophytes - correct answer ✔✔Land plants are called ____________ because of the dependency of
the embryo on the parent
Sporangia - correct answer ✔✔The sporophyte produces spores in organs called ____________
Sporocytes - correct answer ✔✔Diploid cells called ___________ undergo meiosis to generate haploid
spores
Sporopollenin - correct answer ✔✔Spore walls contain _______________, which makes them resistant
to harsh environments
Gametangia - correct answer ✔✔Gametes are produced within organs called ______________
Archegonia - correct answer ✔✔Female gametangia, called ____________, produce eggs and are the
site of fertilization
Antheridia - correct answer ✔✔Male gametangia, called ____________, produce and release sperm
Apical meristems - correct answer ✔✔Plants sustain continual growth in their ____________
Cuticle - correct answer ✔✔A waxy covering of the epidermis
Vascular tissue - correct answer ✔✔Land plants can be informally grouped based on the presence or
absence of _____________
Vascular plants - correct answer ✔✔Most plants have vascular tissue; these constitute the
_______________
, Bryophytes - correct answer ✔✔Nonvascular plants are commonly called ________
Bryophytes - correct answer ✔✔_____________ are not a monophyletic group; their relationships to
each other and to vascular plants is unresolved
Lycophytes - correct answer ✔✔Club mosses and their relatives
Seed - correct answer ✔✔A _________ is an embryo and nutrients surrounded by a protective coat
Gymnosperms - correct answer ✔✔The "naked seed" plants, including the conifers
Angiosperms - correct answer ✔✔The flowering plants
Pterophytes - correct answer ✔✔Ferns and their relatives
Bryophytes - correct answer ✔✔Refers to all nonvascular plants
Bryophyta - correct answer ✔✔Refers only to the phylum of mosses
Protonema - correct answer ✔✔A spore germinates into a gametophyte composed of a ____________
and gamete-producing gametophore.
Rhizoids - correct answer ✔✔Anchor gametophytes to substrate
Capsule - correct answer ✔✔A sporangium, also called a __________, which discharges spores
Gametophore - correct answer ✔✔The mature gamete-producing structure of a moss gametophyte.
Peristome - correct answer ✔✔The upper part of the moss capsule (sporangium) often specialized for
gradual spore discharage
answers graded A+ passed
Green Algae - correct answer ✔✔____________ called charophytes are the closest relatives of land
plants.
Land plants share four key traits with only charophytes - correct answer ✔✔• Rings of cellulose-
synthesizing complexes
• Peroxisome enzymes
• Structure of flagellated sperm
• Formation of a phragmoplast
Sporopollenin - correct answer ✔✔In charophytes a layer of a durable polymer called _____________
prevents exposed zygotes from drying out
Sporopollenin - correct answer ✔✔______________ is also found in plant spore walls
Four key traits appear in nearly all land plants but are absent in the charophytes - correct answer ✔✔•
Alternation of generations and multicellular, dependent embryos
• Walled spores produced in sporangia
• Multicellular gametangia
• Apical meristems
Alternation of Generations - correct answer ✔✔Plants alternate between two multicellular stages, a
reproductive cycle called ___________
Gametophyte - correct answer ✔✔The ____________ is haploid and produces haploid gametes by
mitosis
,Placental transfer cells - correct answer ✔✔Nutrients are transferred from parent to embryo through
___________________
Embryophytes - correct answer ✔✔Land plants are called ____________ because of the dependency of
the embryo on the parent
Sporangia - correct answer ✔✔The sporophyte produces spores in organs called ____________
Sporocytes - correct answer ✔✔Diploid cells called ___________ undergo meiosis to generate haploid
spores
Sporopollenin - correct answer ✔✔Spore walls contain _______________, which makes them resistant
to harsh environments
Gametangia - correct answer ✔✔Gametes are produced within organs called ______________
Archegonia - correct answer ✔✔Female gametangia, called ____________, produce eggs and are the
site of fertilization
Antheridia - correct answer ✔✔Male gametangia, called ____________, produce and release sperm
Apical meristems - correct answer ✔✔Plants sustain continual growth in their ____________
Cuticle - correct answer ✔✔A waxy covering of the epidermis
Vascular tissue - correct answer ✔✔Land plants can be informally grouped based on the presence or
absence of _____________
Vascular plants - correct answer ✔✔Most plants have vascular tissue; these constitute the
_______________
, Bryophytes - correct answer ✔✔Nonvascular plants are commonly called ________
Bryophytes - correct answer ✔✔_____________ are not a monophyletic group; their relationships to
each other and to vascular plants is unresolved
Lycophytes - correct answer ✔✔Club mosses and their relatives
Seed - correct answer ✔✔A _________ is an embryo and nutrients surrounded by a protective coat
Gymnosperms - correct answer ✔✔The "naked seed" plants, including the conifers
Angiosperms - correct answer ✔✔The flowering plants
Pterophytes - correct answer ✔✔Ferns and their relatives
Bryophytes - correct answer ✔✔Refers to all nonvascular plants
Bryophyta - correct answer ✔✔Refers only to the phylum of mosses
Protonema - correct answer ✔✔A spore germinates into a gametophyte composed of a ____________
and gamete-producing gametophore.
Rhizoids - correct answer ✔✔Anchor gametophytes to substrate
Capsule - correct answer ✔✔A sporangium, also called a __________, which discharges spores
Gametophore - correct answer ✔✔The mature gamete-producing structure of a moss gametophyte.
Peristome - correct answer ✔✔The upper part of the moss capsule (sporangium) often specialized for
gradual spore discharage
