BIO 182 Exam 4 questions with complete
solutions A+ graded
What are the four questions asked about animal behavior? - correct answer ✔✔What stimulus elicits the
behavior, and what physiological mechanisms mediate the response?
How does the animal's experience during growth and development influence the response?
How does the behavior aid in survival and reproduction?
What is the behavior's evolutionary history?
Who invented the four questions about animal behavior? - correct answer ✔✔Niko Tinbergen
The first two questions are: - correct answer ✔✔The "How" or Proximate Causation questions
What are the first two questions specifically? - correct answer ✔✔1. What stimulus elicits the behavior,
and what physiological mechanisms mediate the response?
2. How does the animal's experience during growth and development influence the response?
The last two questions are: - correct answer ✔✔The "Why" or Ultimate Causation questions
What are the last two questions specifically? - correct answer ✔✔1. How does the behavior aid survival
and reproduction?
2. What is the behavior's evolutionary history?
Fixed Action Pattern - correct answer ✔✔Question One
Sequence of unlearned actions linked to a stimulus
Unchangeable
Sign Stimulus = Trigger or external stimulus
,Migration - correct answer ✔✔leave location for another and then come back to original after a while
(food resource or environmental cues)
Orientation Guides for Migration - correct answer ✔✔Sun position
North Star
Magnetic Field
Circadian Clock
Behavioral Cues - correct answer ✔✔Reproduction/ Migration Season
Lunar Cycle (Tidal Zones)
Day or Night
Forms of Communication - correct answer ✔✔1. Visual
2. Chemical
3. Tactile
4. Auditory
Example of Visual Communication - correct answer ✔✔Orientating to See
Dance
Example of Chemical Communication - correct answer ✔✔Pheromones
Example of Tactile Communication - correct answer ✔✔Touching
Tapping
Example of Auditory Communication - correct answer ✔✔Singing
Buzzing
, Honeybees communicate where food is via dance. Round dance tells worker bees that: - correct answer
✔✔food is nearby
Honeybees communicate where food is via dance. Waggle dance tells worker bees that: - correct answer
✔✔Food is far. The direction they start when dancing tells worker bees where food is and the amount of
waggles is how far the food is.
Pheromones - correct answer ✔✔Odors or taste (chemical substance)
Communicational
Example: Minnows swim freely with no pheromones. With pheromones (crushed scales smell), minnows
crowd together at the bottom of the lake or tank
Nocturnal - correct answer ✔✔Active at night
Rely on: Smell and Sound Communication (olfactory and auditory)
Terrestrial Animals
Diurnal - correct answer ✔✔Active during the day
Rely on: Visual and Sound Communication
Humans and Bees
Innate Behavior - correct answer ✔✔Question Two
Something the organism is born knowing (developmentally fixed)
Examples: Breastfeeding and spider-web making
Cross-Fostering Study - correct answer ✔✔A behavioral study in which the young of one species are
placed in the care of adults from another species.
**Learned parents influence to some extent behavior-wise
Imprinting - correct answer ✔✔the process by which certain animals form strong attachments during an
early-life critical period
Young age
solutions A+ graded
What are the four questions asked about animal behavior? - correct answer ✔✔What stimulus elicits the
behavior, and what physiological mechanisms mediate the response?
How does the animal's experience during growth and development influence the response?
How does the behavior aid in survival and reproduction?
What is the behavior's evolutionary history?
Who invented the four questions about animal behavior? - correct answer ✔✔Niko Tinbergen
The first two questions are: - correct answer ✔✔The "How" or Proximate Causation questions
What are the first two questions specifically? - correct answer ✔✔1. What stimulus elicits the behavior,
and what physiological mechanisms mediate the response?
2. How does the animal's experience during growth and development influence the response?
The last two questions are: - correct answer ✔✔The "Why" or Ultimate Causation questions
What are the last two questions specifically? - correct answer ✔✔1. How does the behavior aid survival
and reproduction?
2. What is the behavior's evolutionary history?
Fixed Action Pattern - correct answer ✔✔Question One
Sequence of unlearned actions linked to a stimulus
Unchangeable
Sign Stimulus = Trigger or external stimulus
,Migration - correct answer ✔✔leave location for another and then come back to original after a while
(food resource or environmental cues)
Orientation Guides for Migration - correct answer ✔✔Sun position
North Star
Magnetic Field
Circadian Clock
Behavioral Cues - correct answer ✔✔Reproduction/ Migration Season
Lunar Cycle (Tidal Zones)
Day or Night
Forms of Communication - correct answer ✔✔1. Visual
2. Chemical
3. Tactile
4. Auditory
Example of Visual Communication - correct answer ✔✔Orientating to See
Dance
Example of Chemical Communication - correct answer ✔✔Pheromones
Example of Tactile Communication - correct answer ✔✔Touching
Tapping
Example of Auditory Communication - correct answer ✔✔Singing
Buzzing
, Honeybees communicate where food is via dance. Round dance tells worker bees that: - correct answer
✔✔food is nearby
Honeybees communicate where food is via dance. Waggle dance tells worker bees that: - correct answer
✔✔Food is far. The direction they start when dancing tells worker bees where food is and the amount of
waggles is how far the food is.
Pheromones - correct answer ✔✔Odors or taste (chemical substance)
Communicational
Example: Minnows swim freely with no pheromones. With pheromones (crushed scales smell), minnows
crowd together at the bottom of the lake or tank
Nocturnal - correct answer ✔✔Active at night
Rely on: Smell and Sound Communication (olfactory and auditory)
Terrestrial Animals
Diurnal - correct answer ✔✔Active during the day
Rely on: Visual and Sound Communication
Humans and Bees
Innate Behavior - correct answer ✔✔Question Two
Something the organism is born knowing (developmentally fixed)
Examples: Breastfeeding and spider-web making
Cross-Fostering Study - correct answer ✔✔A behavioral study in which the young of one species are
placed in the care of adults from another species.
**Learned parents influence to some extent behavior-wise
Imprinting - correct answer ✔✔the process by which certain animals form strong attachments during an
early-life critical period
Young age
