©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/3/2024 1:54 PM
LLT 307 Exam Study Guide.
Second language learning environment - answer✔learning the language of the community your
in, there is extensive exposure to the language outside of the classroom
foreign language learning environment - answer✔learning a language other than the one of the
community your in, exposure to language is limited outside of the classroom and there are
limited opportunities to interact with native speakers
contrastive analysis - answer✔errors as a result of transfer from a learners L1
Error analysis - answer✔considers what learners are actually doing with the language, decoding
miscues
interlanguage - answer✔a learners developing L2 system, it may be target like in someways
rather than others, it may have some characteristics from the L1 and it is dynamic
avoidance - answer✔learners will often avoid structures they are unconfident in, so considering
what is not said is as important as analyzing what is said
stages/sequences of development - answer✔like L1 learners, L2 learners go through predictable
stages in acquiring certain complex linguistic structures. it refers to progress within one complex
morpho-syntactic structure
input - answer✔language a learner is exposed to during communication, it is essential to L2
learning, we must modify input to make it comprehensible
Krashen's Monitor Model/Input hypothesis - answer✔SLA requires comprehensible input, the
ideal level of input was 1 level above that of the learner
learner knowledge(i)
(i+2)=no learning
(i-1)=no learning
(i+1)= learning
Acquisition/learning hypothesis - answer✔acquire language through exposure, learn through
conscious attention
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/3/2024 1:54 PM
monitor hypothesis - answer✔draw upon what has been acquired during spontaneous
communication
natural order hypothesis - answer✔SLA unfolds in predictable sequences
comprehensible input hypothesis - answer✔acquisition occurs when language is comprehensible
and contains i + 1
affective filter hypothesis - answer✔a metaphorical barrier that prevents learners from acquiring
language even when appropriate input is available (refers to anxiety or negative attitude
associated with poor learning outcomes)
Output - answer✔produced by language learner, it forces learners to move from comprehension
to syntactic use, allows for hypothesis testing, and promotes noticing the gap in the interlanguage
interaction - answer✔the conversations learners participate in, directs learners attention to
problematic areas of language(noticing the gap)
negotiation for meaning - answer✔process in which in an effort to communicate, learners and
competent speakers provide and interpret signals of their own and the others perceived
comprehension, thus provoking adjustments to linguistic form, conversational structure, message
content, or all three, until an acceptable level of understanding is achieved
negative evidence - answer✔refers to information provided about incorrect usage (typically
through feedback)
simultaneous bilinguals - answer✔people who learn more than one language from earliest
childhood
sequential bilinguals - answer✔people who learn a language after having acquired another
explicit knowledge - answer✔conscious knowledge, or knowledge that a learner can state.
sometimes referred to as declarative
implicit knowledge - answer✔unconscious knowledge, or knowledge that a learner is unaware
they have. sometimes referred to as procedural knowledge
explicit learning - answer✔learning with awareness (possibly intent)
implicit learning - answer✔learning without awareness
explicit teaching - answer✔instruction that purposefully draws learning attention toward
something
implicit teaching - answer✔instruction in which the target of learning is not outlines for students,
or made overtly clear (exposure to form happens as students complete activity on meaning)
11/3/2024 1:54 PM
LLT 307 Exam Study Guide.
Second language learning environment - answer✔learning the language of the community your
in, there is extensive exposure to the language outside of the classroom
foreign language learning environment - answer✔learning a language other than the one of the
community your in, exposure to language is limited outside of the classroom and there are
limited opportunities to interact with native speakers
contrastive analysis - answer✔errors as a result of transfer from a learners L1
Error analysis - answer✔considers what learners are actually doing with the language, decoding
miscues
interlanguage - answer✔a learners developing L2 system, it may be target like in someways
rather than others, it may have some characteristics from the L1 and it is dynamic
avoidance - answer✔learners will often avoid structures they are unconfident in, so considering
what is not said is as important as analyzing what is said
stages/sequences of development - answer✔like L1 learners, L2 learners go through predictable
stages in acquiring certain complex linguistic structures. it refers to progress within one complex
morpho-syntactic structure
input - answer✔language a learner is exposed to during communication, it is essential to L2
learning, we must modify input to make it comprehensible
Krashen's Monitor Model/Input hypothesis - answer✔SLA requires comprehensible input, the
ideal level of input was 1 level above that of the learner
learner knowledge(i)
(i+2)=no learning
(i-1)=no learning
(i+1)= learning
Acquisition/learning hypothesis - answer✔acquire language through exposure, learn through
conscious attention
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/3/2024 1:54 PM
monitor hypothesis - answer✔draw upon what has been acquired during spontaneous
communication
natural order hypothesis - answer✔SLA unfolds in predictable sequences
comprehensible input hypothesis - answer✔acquisition occurs when language is comprehensible
and contains i + 1
affective filter hypothesis - answer✔a metaphorical barrier that prevents learners from acquiring
language even when appropriate input is available (refers to anxiety or negative attitude
associated with poor learning outcomes)
Output - answer✔produced by language learner, it forces learners to move from comprehension
to syntactic use, allows for hypothesis testing, and promotes noticing the gap in the interlanguage
interaction - answer✔the conversations learners participate in, directs learners attention to
problematic areas of language(noticing the gap)
negotiation for meaning - answer✔process in which in an effort to communicate, learners and
competent speakers provide and interpret signals of their own and the others perceived
comprehension, thus provoking adjustments to linguistic form, conversational structure, message
content, or all three, until an acceptable level of understanding is achieved
negative evidence - answer✔refers to information provided about incorrect usage (typically
through feedback)
simultaneous bilinguals - answer✔people who learn more than one language from earliest
childhood
sequential bilinguals - answer✔people who learn a language after having acquired another
explicit knowledge - answer✔conscious knowledge, or knowledge that a learner can state.
sometimes referred to as declarative
implicit knowledge - answer✔unconscious knowledge, or knowledge that a learner is unaware
they have. sometimes referred to as procedural knowledge
explicit learning - answer✔learning with awareness (possibly intent)
implicit learning - answer✔learning without awareness
explicit teaching - answer✔instruction that purposefully draws learning attention toward
something
implicit teaching - answer✔instruction in which the target of learning is not outlines for students,
or made overtly clear (exposure to form happens as students complete activity on meaning)
