Biology 198 Module 4 Exam Questions and Correct Answers Already Passed

What is the Central Dogma of molecular biology? The central dogma of molecular biology explains that DNA encodes RNA through a process called transcription and RNA encodes protein through a process called translation. Describe how the information in DNA is used to produce specific proteins and can ultimately determine the characteristics of an individual organism. because of your DNA the certain RNA strand is coded from genes resulting in how your protein works. Describe the structure of DNA and explain how it stores genetic information A nitrogenous base, peptide sugar, and phosphate group. The order of the nucleotides will determine what RNA is made and what proteins are produced. DNA consists of 4 different nitrogenous bases adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. The genetic information is the sequence of nucleotides in the DNA. What is the process of transcription? Transcription is the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA. This takes place in the nucleus. The genetic material serves as a template. Transcription is carried out by an enzyme called RNA polymerase and a number of accessory proteins called transcription factors. What is the process of translation? Translation is a step in protein biosynthesis where a genetic code from a strand of mRNA is decoded to produce a sequence of amino acids. A protein made up of amino acids is produced. The major cellular machinery is the ribosome and tRNA. Codons and anticodons which serve as templates for linking amino acids together. This takes place in the cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum. What is the universal genetic code? The universal genetic code is the set of DNA and RNA sequences that determine the amino acid sequences used in the synthesis of an organism's proteins. Which molecule contains codons? Messenger RNA (mRNA) Which molecule contains anticodons? Transfer RNA (tRNA) How do codons and anticodons interact? The messenger RNA reads the anticodon to make sure the amino acid goes to the right place. It is read from 3 to 5 but will be copied 5 to 3.