Test Bank Solution Manual for glomerulonephritis and renal failure Already Passed

Test Bank Solution Manual for glomerulonephritis and renal failure Already Passed renal review: - Answers ... 1. filtration: - Answers 1st step in urine formation; permeable substances from the blood are filtered into the Bowmans capsule 2. tubular reabsorption: - Answers substances needed by the body are retained -removes material from the filtrate and returns them to the blood ie. electrolytes, glucose, water, etc. tubular secretion: - Answers excretion of chemicals not needed by the body ie. hydrogen, urea, drugs urine concentration: - Answers the ability of the kidney to produce either a concentrated or dilute urine labs for kidney function:blood urea nitrogen- BUN - Answers -checks concentration of urea in the blood -rises with dehydration -serum creatinine (Cr) - Answers -stable level not reabsorbed increase in CR causes a decrease in GFR GFR - Answers GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE urinalysis - Answers -Abnormal RBC more then a few WBC, bacteria, protein, glucose, ketones creatinine clearance- - Answers amount of blood cleared of creatinine by the kidney in 1 minute of filtration -levels are related to 24 hour urine volume -good measure of renal blood flow and GFR GLOMERULONEPHRITIS - Answers nephritis marked by inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney-thickening of GCM -decrease in GFR (filtration rate) what causes glomerulonephritis? - Answers -infection (post strep)- beta hemolytic strep -immune -chronic disease-diabetes, lupis, hypertension -toxins what is the leading cause of kidney failure? - Answers glomerulonephritis (2nd is diabetes and hypertension) *****patho of glomerulonephritis:****** - Answers -activation of biochemical mediators of inflammation -antigen-antibody complex localized in glomerular capillary wall -complement activation attracts neutrophils and monocytes -neutrophils and monocytes release lysosomal enzymes-damage glomerular walls-increase in capillary permeability -membrane damage-platelet aggregation (clotting problems-bruises all over the body bc too much clotting) -decrease in GFR 5 year old boy- 3 day history of fever and sore throat -strep pharyngitis- effects kidneys0 treatment amoxicilin for 14 days- 2 weeks after diagnosis, patient returns with brown urine and edema ...what is the problem? - Answers glomerulonephritis 3 types of glomerulonephritis - Answers 1. acute 2. rapidly progressive 3. chronic acute glomerulonephritis: - Answers group A beta hemolytic streptococcal infection skin-least common pharyngitis=most common how long does acute glomerulonephritis occur? - Answers onset 7-10 days after infection but symptoms occurs 10-21 days what is the purpose of treating Strep infection for 14 days? - Answers to PREVENT post-strep glomerulonephritis what will you see in patients with acute glomerulonephritis? - Answers -DARK urine (bc protein, blood and lack of oliguria and decreased GFR) -edema- periorbital, dependent (in lower back, feet, legs), ascites -flank pain- back pain-swelling in abs -fever- bc immune process -acute hypertension (Head ache HA, vomiting) ascites - Answers accumulation of serous fluid in peritoneal cavity what is the treatment for acute glomerulonephritis? - Answers antibiotics and treat symptoms what is the treatment percentage? - Answers 95% recover- are kids more or less likely to recover from acute glomerulonephritis? - Answers more- kidney heals over a long period of time does urine normally have a little bit of protein in it? - Answers yes!! only bad if you have a lot 2. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis - Answers - rapidly prgressing inflammation of the glomeruil what percent of GFR decreases within 3 motnhs of onset? - Answers 50%%!!!!! what is reapidly progressive glomerulonephritis due to? - Answers -wrosening of acute glomerulonephritis, autoimmune disease or ideopathic orgin- we are not really sure what causes it glomerular cell pproliferation and macrophages form crescents and oblitrate what? - Answers the Bowmans capsule space---- THIS IS BAD! renal failure can occur within how much time? - Answers weels or months Goodpasture syndrome? - Answers form antibodies against membrane basement of kidneys -Damage to alveolar and renal glomerular basement membranes by cytotoxic antibody. 3. Chronic glomerulonephritis: - Answers long term inflammation of the glomerular cells what is chronic glomerulonephritis due to? - Answers unresolved acute glomerulonephritis, diabetes, long standing hypertension, lupus what does chronic glomerulonephritis result in? - Answers sclerosis (hardening), scarring,