EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YAER
©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH SEPTEMBER 2024
echelon class exam study guide with
complete solutions
sinus bradycardia - Answer✔✔--less than 60 beats per minute
-P wave in front of every QRS
-PR--0.12 to 0.20
-QRS less than 0.12
-if symptomatic--atropine, pacemaker
sinus tachycardia - Answer✔✔--treat underlying cause (fever, pain, etc.)
Sinus Arrhythmia - Answer✔✔-irregular with breathing--HR increases with inspiration
and decreases with expiration
-only treat if hemodynamically compromised--atropine
SA block - Answer✔✔--dropped interval/pause
-if hemodynamically compromised--atropine, permanent pacemaker
sinus arrest - Answer✔✔-- SA node doesn't fire
- notice absence of P-wave for a complete cycle (a missed cycle)
-no treatment if episodes are transient otherwise temporary pacing or atropine
Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC) - Answer✔✔-if symptomatic--digitalis, beta
blockers, antiarrhythmics
atrial flutter - Answer✔✔--Sawtooth pattern
-250 to 350 beats
1/5
, EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YAER
©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH SEPTEMBER 2024
-PRI cant determine**
-QRS less than .12
-need to control ventricular rate and convert the rhythm/anticoagulate
a fib - Answer✔✔--no p wave
-PRI cant measure**
-QRS les than 0.12
-rate control and anti coag
SVT - Answer✔✔--regular rate and rhythm
-P wave not visible**
-PRI 0.12-0.20**
-QRS less than 0.12
-tx: vagal simulation
-if stable--adenosine, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, dig, antiarrhythmics
-if unstable--cardioversion
Premature Junctional Contraction - Answer✔✔--Inverted p wave or hidden p wave
PRI<0.12 or none
Normal QRS
-p wave goes down instead of up
-no PRI unless P wave before QRS
junctional escape rhythm - Answer✔✔--regular rhythm
-40 to 60 beats
-P wave inverted (down)
2/5
©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH SEPTEMBER 2024
echelon class exam study guide with
complete solutions
sinus bradycardia - Answer✔✔--less than 60 beats per minute
-P wave in front of every QRS
-PR--0.12 to 0.20
-QRS less than 0.12
-if symptomatic--atropine, pacemaker
sinus tachycardia - Answer✔✔--treat underlying cause (fever, pain, etc.)
Sinus Arrhythmia - Answer✔✔-irregular with breathing--HR increases with inspiration
and decreases with expiration
-only treat if hemodynamically compromised--atropine
SA block - Answer✔✔--dropped interval/pause
-if hemodynamically compromised--atropine, permanent pacemaker
sinus arrest - Answer✔✔-- SA node doesn't fire
- notice absence of P-wave for a complete cycle (a missed cycle)
-no treatment if episodes are transient otherwise temporary pacing or atropine
Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC) - Answer✔✔-if symptomatic--digitalis, beta
blockers, antiarrhythmics
atrial flutter - Answer✔✔--Sawtooth pattern
-250 to 350 beats
1/5
, EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YAER
©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH SEPTEMBER 2024
-PRI cant determine**
-QRS less than .12
-need to control ventricular rate and convert the rhythm/anticoagulate
a fib - Answer✔✔--no p wave
-PRI cant measure**
-QRS les than 0.12
-rate control and anti coag
SVT - Answer✔✔--regular rate and rhythm
-P wave not visible**
-PRI 0.12-0.20**
-QRS less than 0.12
-tx: vagal simulation
-if stable--adenosine, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, dig, antiarrhythmics
-if unstable--cardioversion
Premature Junctional Contraction - Answer✔✔--Inverted p wave or hidden p wave
PRI<0.12 or none
Normal QRS
-p wave goes down instead of up
-no PRI unless P wave before QRS
junctional escape rhythm - Answer✔✔--regular rhythm
-40 to 60 beats
-P wave inverted (down)
2/5
