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What are the leading causes of infant mortality? - ANSWER--Birth defects
-Low birthweight and prematurity
-Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
-Newborn complications of pregnancy
-Unintentional injuries
What is the third leading cause of infant death in the U.S.? - ANSWER-Sudden
Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
What is the leading cause of death among infants between 1 and 12 months old? -
ANSWER-SIDS
What caused the SIDS rate to decline significantly? - ANSWER-The "Back to
Sleep" campaign that originated in 1982 by the American Academy of Pediatrics
(AAP).
What does the newborn assessment begin with? - ANSWER-Dubowitz/Ballard
exam or similar gestational age scales
,What are three body mechanisms that require energy intake? - ANSWER-- Basal
metabolic rate & thermoregulation
- Growth
- Activity
What is the primary component of body tissue? - ANSWER-Water
What is the adequate indicator for the need for more water intake? - ANSWER-
Thirst
Infants have a high daily turnover of water up to ____% of their body weight. -
ANSWER-15%
What are some factors that can increase water loss? - ANSWER-- Illness
- Activity
- Dry Air
- High altitude
- High temperature
What can cause a significant impact on negative social and emotional development
for the toddler and preschooler? - ANSWER-Maternal depression
When a new baby is introduced into the family, how do preschoolers and toddlers
tend to handle this? - ANSWER-They typically regress.
When a new baby is introduced into the family, how do older (school-aged)
children handle this? - ANSWER-The show excitement, love, and enhanced self-
esteem.
,What type of play is considered normal for the preschooler? - ANSWER-Parallel
play (playing beside each other)
What are the goals of the developmental assessment of toddlers and preschoolers?
- ANSWER--Monitor the child's growth and development
- Determine at an early stage if problems exist
During the assessment of a toddler and preschooler, how is data collected? -
ANSWER-- Parent interviews
- Screening tools
- Observation of the interactions between child and parents
- Lab or other diagnostic measures
When is a hearing and vision screening recommended? - ANSWER-Ages 4 & 5
years old
AAP advocates for regular dental home visits after ____ years old. - ANSWER-1-
year-old
What is a standardized screening tool that can be used for assessing gross and fine
motor skills? - ANSWER-Ages & Stages Questionnaire (ASQ)
What are (2) ways that the parent can regulate sleep and wake pattern at this age? -
ANSWER--Consistent sleep and nap time schedules
-Use of a comforting object (ex: teddy bear)
, How can parents stimulate their child's language skills? - ANSWER--Read to their
child daily
-Model appropriate language
-Talk to the child with clear simple language
-Listen with care and respond actively to the child's verbalization
-Provide the child with opportunities to interact with others
When do language and literacy skills begin? - ANSWER-At birth
In all age groups, the populations with the highest birth rates are: - ANSWER-
Hispanics and Non-Hispanic African Americans
In all age groups, the populations with the lowest birth rates are: - ANSWER-
Asians and Non-Hispanic Whites
The infant death rate in African American infants and other racial groups is more
than ______________ that of white infants. - ANSWER-Double
When more than ______ % of body weight is loss (from water) → dehydration can
become life threatening. - ANSWER-10%
After strenuous or prolonged exercise, it is essential to replace electrolytes along
with water. Why? - ANSWER-Water being replaced without electrolytes can cause
water intoxication.
Does sodium regulate extracellular OR intracellular fluid volume - ANSWER-
Extracellular