Patho Neuro Exam Questions With Correct
Answers 2024
Characterized .by .sudden, .transient .alteration .in .brain .function .- .correct .answer.Seizure
Decorticate .Response .- .correct .answer.Flexion .of .wrist, .arm, .and .fingers
Adduction .of .upper .extremities
Extension .of .lower .extremities
Plantar .Flexion .of .Foot
Decerbrate .Response .- .correct .answer.Hyperpronation .of .wrists
Extension .of .all .four .extremities
Plantar .Extension .of .Foot
Generalized .Seizures .(4) .- .correct .answer.No .Focal .Onset
Both .hemispheres/bilateral .neurons
Originate .from .subcortical/deep .
LOC
Partial .Seizures .(4) .- .correct .answer.Focal .Onset .
One .hemisphere/unilateral .neurons
Originate .from .cortical/superficial
NO .LOC
Secondary .Generalization .- .correct .answer.Partial .seizure .(one .hemisphere) .become
.generalized .seizure .(two .hemispheres)
Status .Epilepticus .- .correct .answer.One .seizure .over .5 .mins
Multiple .seizures .over .30 .mins .with .no .break .during .postictal .stage
Medical .emergency
Etiologic .Factors .associated .with .seizures .(4) .- .correct .answer.Cerebral .lesion
Cerebral .trauma
Biochemical .disroder
Epilepsy
Conditions .associated .with .seizures .- .correct .answer.CPIMPBAG
,Congenital
Perinatal .injury
Infection
Metabolic
Myoclonic .Syndrome
Postnatal .trauma
Brain .tumor
Alcohol .and .drug .abuse
Genetics
Primary .pathological .abnormalities .(4) .- .correct .answer.Defect .in .resting .potential
Abnormal .potassium .and .calcium .channel
Defect .in .GABA .(inhibitory) .system
Abnormal .NMDA .(excitatory) .system
Three .mechanisms .are .involved .in .seizures .- .correct .answer.1. .Mechanisms .of .seizure
.initiation
2. .Mechanism .of .epileptogenesis
3. .Mechanism .of .genetics
Two .characteristics .of .Mechanism .of .Seizure .Initiation .- .correct .answer.1. .High .frequency
.burst .of .AP
2. .Hypersynchronization
Depolarization .- .calcium .- .sodium- .AP .- .increased .in .frequency .and .amplitude .- .spread .to
.next .neuron
Excitation/Tonic .areas .of .the .brain .(3) .associated .with .LOC, .apnea, .and .contraction .-
.correct .answer.Subcortical
Thalamus
Brainstem
Corticospinal .and .reticulospinal .pathways
Inhibition/Clonic .areas .of .the .brain .(3) .associated .with .altenrating .contraction .and
.relaxation .- .correct .answer.Cortex
Anterior .thalamus
Basal .Ganglia
Body .demands .during .seizures .- .correct .answer.250% .blood .flow
250% .ATP
60% .Oxygen
Mechanism .of .Epileptogenesis .- .correct .answer.State .of .chronically .hyperexcitability
, Primary .condition .with .no .underlying .correctable .cause .of .seizure .due .to .underlying .brain
.abnormality .- .correct .answer.Epilepsy
Epileptic .Syndrome .Subdivisions .(3) .- .correct .answer.Idiopathic/genetic .(2/3)
Symptomatic .(identified .cause)
Cryptogenic .(symptomatic .with .no .cause)
Clinical .Manifestation .associated .with .generalized .tonic-clonic .seizures .(2) .- .correct
.answer.1. .Aura .- .precedes .onset .of .seizure
2. .Prodroma .- .hours .and .days .before
Defect .of .pattern .recognition .- .correct .answer.Agnosia
Ie. .individual .cannot .feel .a .saftey .pin .but .can .identify .it .by .seeing .it
Impairment .of .comprehnsion .or .production .of .language .- .correct
.answer.Dysphasia/Aphasia
Involves .middle .cerebral .artery .(MCA)
Left .frontotemporal .region/insula
Types .of .Dysphagia .(3) .- .correct .answer.1. .Expressive: .Broca
2. .Receptive: .Wernicke
3. .Receptive .and .Expressive: .Global
Broca .- .correct .answer.Non-fluent
Impairment .to .find .words .(reluctant .speech)
Left .posteroINFERIOR .FRONTAL .lobe
Wernicke .- .correct .answer.Fluent
Able .to .produce .meaningless .and .inappropriate .language .such .as .rhyme .and .neologism
Left .PosteroSUPERIOR .TEMPORAL
Global .- .correct .answer.Nonfluent
Produces .little .speech .but .reading .silently .is .intacted
Fronotemporal .lobe .(both .lobes .affected)
Transcortical .Dysphagia .- .correct .answer.Ability .to .repeat .and .recite
Fluent .speech .with .ecolalia
Caused .by .hypoxia .(hypotension, .CO .posion)
Acquired .mental .disorder .causing .deficit .in .attention, .thoughts, .and .actions .- .correct
.answer.Acute .Confusion .State
Three .causes .of .Acute .Confusion .State .- .correct .answer.1. .Drug .intoxication/withdrawal
Answers 2024
Characterized .by .sudden, .transient .alteration .in .brain .function .- .correct .answer.Seizure
Decorticate .Response .- .correct .answer.Flexion .of .wrist, .arm, .and .fingers
Adduction .of .upper .extremities
Extension .of .lower .extremities
Plantar .Flexion .of .Foot
Decerbrate .Response .- .correct .answer.Hyperpronation .of .wrists
Extension .of .all .four .extremities
Plantar .Extension .of .Foot
Generalized .Seizures .(4) .- .correct .answer.No .Focal .Onset
Both .hemispheres/bilateral .neurons
Originate .from .subcortical/deep .
LOC
Partial .Seizures .(4) .- .correct .answer.Focal .Onset .
One .hemisphere/unilateral .neurons
Originate .from .cortical/superficial
NO .LOC
Secondary .Generalization .- .correct .answer.Partial .seizure .(one .hemisphere) .become
.generalized .seizure .(two .hemispheres)
Status .Epilepticus .- .correct .answer.One .seizure .over .5 .mins
Multiple .seizures .over .30 .mins .with .no .break .during .postictal .stage
Medical .emergency
Etiologic .Factors .associated .with .seizures .(4) .- .correct .answer.Cerebral .lesion
Cerebral .trauma
Biochemical .disroder
Epilepsy
Conditions .associated .with .seizures .- .correct .answer.CPIMPBAG
,Congenital
Perinatal .injury
Infection
Metabolic
Myoclonic .Syndrome
Postnatal .trauma
Brain .tumor
Alcohol .and .drug .abuse
Genetics
Primary .pathological .abnormalities .(4) .- .correct .answer.Defect .in .resting .potential
Abnormal .potassium .and .calcium .channel
Defect .in .GABA .(inhibitory) .system
Abnormal .NMDA .(excitatory) .system
Three .mechanisms .are .involved .in .seizures .- .correct .answer.1. .Mechanisms .of .seizure
.initiation
2. .Mechanism .of .epileptogenesis
3. .Mechanism .of .genetics
Two .characteristics .of .Mechanism .of .Seizure .Initiation .- .correct .answer.1. .High .frequency
.burst .of .AP
2. .Hypersynchronization
Depolarization .- .calcium .- .sodium- .AP .- .increased .in .frequency .and .amplitude .- .spread .to
.next .neuron
Excitation/Tonic .areas .of .the .brain .(3) .associated .with .LOC, .apnea, .and .contraction .-
.correct .answer.Subcortical
Thalamus
Brainstem
Corticospinal .and .reticulospinal .pathways
Inhibition/Clonic .areas .of .the .brain .(3) .associated .with .altenrating .contraction .and
.relaxation .- .correct .answer.Cortex
Anterior .thalamus
Basal .Ganglia
Body .demands .during .seizures .- .correct .answer.250% .blood .flow
250% .ATP
60% .Oxygen
Mechanism .of .Epileptogenesis .- .correct .answer.State .of .chronically .hyperexcitability
, Primary .condition .with .no .underlying .correctable .cause .of .seizure .due .to .underlying .brain
.abnormality .- .correct .answer.Epilepsy
Epileptic .Syndrome .Subdivisions .(3) .- .correct .answer.Idiopathic/genetic .(2/3)
Symptomatic .(identified .cause)
Cryptogenic .(symptomatic .with .no .cause)
Clinical .Manifestation .associated .with .generalized .tonic-clonic .seizures .(2) .- .correct
.answer.1. .Aura .- .precedes .onset .of .seizure
2. .Prodroma .- .hours .and .days .before
Defect .of .pattern .recognition .- .correct .answer.Agnosia
Ie. .individual .cannot .feel .a .saftey .pin .but .can .identify .it .by .seeing .it
Impairment .of .comprehnsion .or .production .of .language .- .correct
.answer.Dysphasia/Aphasia
Involves .middle .cerebral .artery .(MCA)
Left .frontotemporal .region/insula
Types .of .Dysphagia .(3) .- .correct .answer.1. .Expressive: .Broca
2. .Receptive: .Wernicke
3. .Receptive .and .Expressive: .Global
Broca .- .correct .answer.Non-fluent
Impairment .to .find .words .(reluctant .speech)
Left .posteroINFERIOR .FRONTAL .lobe
Wernicke .- .correct .answer.Fluent
Able .to .produce .meaningless .and .inappropriate .language .such .as .rhyme .and .neologism
Left .PosteroSUPERIOR .TEMPORAL
Global .- .correct .answer.Nonfluent
Produces .little .speech .but .reading .silently .is .intacted
Fronotemporal .lobe .(both .lobes .affected)
Transcortical .Dysphagia .- .correct .answer.Ability .to .repeat .and .recite
Fluent .speech .with .ecolalia
Caused .by .hypoxia .(hypotension, .CO .posion)
Acquired .mental .disorder .causing .deficit .in .attention, .thoughts, .and .actions .- .correct
.answer.Acute .Confusion .State
Three .causes .of .Acute .Confusion .State .- .correct .answer.1. .Drug .intoxication/withdrawal
