QUESTION 1
1.1
a) True A non-directional hypothesis is employed when there is no existing
theoretical foundation to predict the specific direction of the relationship or
effect between variable
b) False - In a study testing In a non-directional hypothesis, the critical region
for rejecting the null hypothesis is divided into two tails of the distribution.
Conversely, for a directional hypothesis, the critical region is located in only
one tail.
c) False - non-directional hypothesis suggests that there will be a relationship
or difference between variables but does not indicate the direction of the effect.
1.2 Formulating a Directional Hypothesis
Directional Hypothesis: Students being taught with the new teaching
method will achieve significantly higher test scores than those who receive
instruction through the traditional teaching method.
QUESTION 2
2.1 Null Hypothesis (H₀)
• Symbolically: H₀: μ_DLP ≤ μ_TCI
• In words: The average academic performance score of students
using the Digital Learning Platform (DLP) is equal to or lower than the
average academic performance score of students receiving
Traditional Classroom Instruction (TCI).
2.2 Alternative Hypothesis (H₁)
• Symbolically: H₁: μ_DLP > μ_TCI
• In words: The average academic performance score of students using
the Digital Learning Platform (DLP) is higher than that of students
receiving Traditional Classroom Instruction (TCI).
, 2.3 One-Tailed or Two-Tailed Hypothesis Test
This is a one-tailed test because the researcher anticipates that the digital
learning platform will lead to higher scores, indicating a specific direction of the
effect.
2.4 Statistical Test and Calculations
r1 r
,#
m n
5.34 -4.94
f
✓12�+1:?9
31 3l
0.40 0.40 0.40
t -...
/0.0413 T 0.0416 /0.082 0.288
t = 1.39
2.5 Degrees of Freedom
df n +n 2-31+31 2-60
2.6 Critical Value for t-Test
For a one-tailed t-test with df=60 and a significance level of 0.05, the critical t-
value can be found in a t-distribution table. The critical value for df=60 and
α=0.05 (one-tailed) is approximately 1.671.
2.7 Interpretation of Results
1.1
a) True A non-directional hypothesis is employed when there is no existing
theoretical foundation to predict the specific direction of the relationship or
effect between variable
b) False - In a study testing In a non-directional hypothesis, the critical region
for rejecting the null hypothesis is divided into two tails of the distribution.
Conversely, for a directional hypothesis, the critical region is located in only
one tail.
c) False - non-directional hypothesis suggests that there will be a relationship
or difference between variables but does not indicate the direction of the effect.
1.2 Formulating a Directional Hypothesis
Directional Hypothesis: Students being taught with the new teaching
method will achieve significantly higher test scores than those who receive
instruction through the traditional teaching method.
QUESTION 2
2.1 Null Hypothesis (H₀)
• Symbolically: H₀: μ_DLP ≤ μ_TCI
• In words: The average academic performance score of students
using the Digital Learning Platform (DLP) is equal to or lower than the
average academic performance score of students receiving
Traditional Classroom Instruction (TCI).
2.2 Alternative Hypothesis (H₁)
• Symbolically: H₁: μ_DLP > μ_TCI
• In words: The average academic performance score of students using
the Digital Learning Platform (DLP) is higher than that of students
receiving Traditional Classroom Instruction (TCI).
, 2.3 One-Tailed or Two-Tailed Hypothesis Test
This is a one-tailed test because the researcher anticipates that the digital
learning platform will lead to higher scores, indicating a specific direction of the
effect.
2.4 Statistical Test and Calculations
r1 r
,#
m n
5.34 -4.94
f
✓12�+1:?9
31 3l
0.40 0.40 0.40
t -...
/0.0413 T 0.0416 /0.082 0.288
t = 1.39
2.5 Degrees of Freedom
df n +n 2-31+31 2-60
2.6 Critical Value for t-Test
For a one-tailed t-test with df=60 and a significance level of 0.05, the critical t-
value can be found in a t-distribution table. The critical value for df=60 and
α=0.05 (one-tailed) is approximately 1.671.
2.7 Interpretation of Results
