PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL
EXAM COMPLETE 360 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+
While pharmacokinetics describes how the body deals with drugs, _______ describes
how drug molecules interact with their targets. - ANSWER: Pharmodynamics
Ionization of a drug depends upon the _______ of the solution and the _______ of
the drug. - ANSWER: pH; pKa
Which of the following about drug clearance by first-order kinetics false? - ANSWER:
Molecules of drug are cleared at a constant rate regardless of drug concentration.
After drug administration has occurred, the amount of drug in the blood that is free
to bind at specific target sites is/are referred to as - ANSWER: bioavailability
Which of the following about water soluble metabolites formed in the liver is false? -
ANSWER: They may return to the circulation and act on target tissues.
The absorption of a drug depends on all of the following except - ANSWER: body
temperature
Because of _______, antidepressants known as monoamine oxidase inhibitors can
cause cardiac arrhythmias and high blood pressure in patients that consume foods
high in tyramine. - ANSWER: enzyme inhibition
Repeated use of many psychoactive drugs can cause _______, which can speed up
the rate of biotransformation of these drugs as well as others. - ANSWER: enzyme
induction
While most _______ receptors are membrane-bound, many _______ receptors are
intracellular. - ANSWER: neurotransmitter; hormone
Which of the following about depot binding is false? - ANSWER: It increases the
concentration of drug at its site of action by releasing large quantities at once.
Mitochondria are responsible for generating _______ for the cell in the form of
_______. - ANSWER: Energy; ATP
Neuronal cell membranes are associated with all of the following proteins except -
ANSWER: microtubules
Clusters of cell bodies in the CNS are called _______ and their associated bundles of
axons are called _______. - ANSWER: nuclei; tracts
, What kind of information is carried by the ventral roots of the spinal cord? -
ANSWER: Motor information to the muscles
Neurons responsible for converting environmental stimuli into neural signals are
known as - ANSWER: sensory neurons
Proteins, such as receptors and enzymes, are synthesized in the cytoplasm of the
soma in a process called - ANSWER: translation
Which of the following statements about action potentials is false? - ANSWER:
Extreme excitation will result in a very large action potential.
_______ are long strands of DNA divided into smaller portions called _______, which
code for specific proteins. - ANSWER: Chromosomes; genes
The function of the axon is to transmit the _______, generated at the _______, to
the terminals. - ANSWER: action potential; axon hillock
At the equilibrium potential, the two forces acting on ions are in balance. These
forces are the _______ and the _______. - ANSWER: concentration gradient;
electrostatic gradient
Neuropharmacologists are interested in the endocrine system for a variety of reason.
Which of the following is not one of them? - ANSWER: The effects of hormones on
the brain are simple and easy to measure.
When activated, somatodendritic autoreceptors - ANSWER: reduce the rate of cell
firing.
Which of the following best describes the sequence of steps following the activation
of a metabotropic receptor? - ANSWER: Activation of G protein → change in activity
of effector enzyme → change in second messenger levels → activation of protein
kinase
Selective blockade of terminal autoreceptors for DA would lead to a(n) - ANSWER:
increase in neurotransmitter release.
The specific effect of a particular neurotransmitter at a particular synapse is largely
determined by - ANSWER: the receptor subtype(s) present on the postsynaptic cell.
Synaptic inhibition may be produced by ACh acting through metabotropic receptors.
This inhibition results from the activation of _______ channels by the G protein. -
ANSWER: K+
In response to stressors, the adrenal cortex secretes _______ and the adrenal
medulla secretes _______. - ANSWER: glucocorticoids; epinephrine
EXAM COMPLETE 360 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+
While pharmacokinetics describes how the body deals with drugs, _______ describes
how drug molecules interact with their targets. - ANSWER: Pharmodynamics
Ionization of a drug depends upon the _______ of the solution and the _______ of
the drug. - ANSWER: pH; pKa
Which of the following about drug clearance by first-order kinetics false? - ANSWER:
Molecules of drug are cleared at a constant rate regardless of drug concentration.
After drug administration has occurred, the amount of drug in the blood that is free
to bind at specific target sites is/are referred to as - ANSWER: bioavailability
Which of the following about water soluble metabolites formed in the liver is false? -
ANSWER: They may return to the circulation and act on target tissues.
The absorption of a drug depends on all of the following except - ANSWER: body
temperature
Because of _______, antidepressants known as monoamine oxidase inhibitors can
cause cardiac arrhythmias and high blood pressure in patients that consume foods
high in tyramine. - ANSWER: enzyme inhibition
Repeated use of many psychoactive drugs can cause _______, which can speed up
the rate of biotransformation of these drugs as well as others. - ANSWER: enzyme
induction
While most _______ receptors are membrane-bound, many _______ receptors are
intracellular. - ANSWER: neurotransmitter; hormone
Which of the following about depot binding is false? - ANSWER: It increases the
concentration of drug at its site of action by releasing large quantities at once.
Mitochondria are responsible for generating _______ for the cell in the form of
_______. - ANSWER: Energy; ATP
Neuronal cell membranes are associated with all of the following proteins except -
ANSWER: microtubules
Clusters of cell bodies in the CNS are called _______ and their associated bundles of
axons are called _______. - ANSWER: nuclei; tracts
, What kind of information is carried by the ventral roots of the spinal cord? -
ANSWER: Motor information to the muscles
Neurons responsible for converting environmental stimuli into neural signals are
known as - ANSWER: sensory neurons
Proteins, such as receptors and enzymes, are synthesized in the cytoplasm of the
soma in a process called - ANSWER: translation
Which of the following statements about action potentials is false? - ANSWER:
Extreme excitation will result in a very large action potential.
_______ are long strands of DNA divided into smaller portions called _______, which
code for specific proteins. - ANSWER: Chromosomes; genes
The function of the axon is to transmit the _______, generated at the _______, to
the terminals. - ANSWER: action potential; axon hillock
At the equilibrium potential, the two forces acting on ions are in balance. These
forces are the _______ and the _______. - ANSWER: concentration gradient;
electrostatic gradient
Neuropharmacologists are interested in the endocrine system for a variety of reason.
Which of the following is not one of them? - ANSWER: The effects of hormones on
the brain are simple and easy to measure.
When activated, somatodendritic autoreceptors - ANSWER: reduce the rate of cell
firing.
Which of the following best describes the sequence of steps following the activation
of a metabotropic receptor? - ANSWER: Activation of G protein → change in activity
of effector enzyme → change in second messenger levels → activation of protein
kinase
Selective blockade of terminal autoreceptors for DA would lead to a(n) - ANSWER:
increase in neurotransmitter release.
The specific effect of a particular neurotransmitter at a particular synapse is largely
determined by - ANSWER: the receptor subtype(s) present on the postsynaptic cell.
Synaptic inhibition may be produced by ACh acting through metabotropic receptors.
This inhibition results from the activation of _______ channels by the G protein. -
ANSWER: K+
In response to stressors, the adrenal cortex secretes _______ and the adrenal
medulla secretes _______. - ANSWER: glucocorticoids; epinephrine
