FTCE Reading K-12
Ability Grouping - correct answer ✔✔Grouping of children with similar needs for instructional purposes.
They do not remain constant throughout the year but change as the children's needs within them
change.
Phoneme - correct answer ✔✔The smallest unit of speech that can be used to make one word different
from another word.
Independent Reading Level - correct answer ✔✔The level at which a student can read a text on his/her
own as indicated by a 95% accuracy rate.
Grapheme - correct answer ✔✔Unit of writing that represents a single phoneme-can be a letter or group
of letters.
Morpheme - correct answer ✔✔Smallest meaningful unit in the grammar of language (e.g., in, come, -
ing, forming incoming ).
Instructional Level - correct answer ✔✔The level at which students can read with the assistace of a
teacher as indicated by an 85-95% accuracy rate.
Action Research - correct answer ✔✔Teacher research that is carried out by a teacher practitioner in the
classroom to help a teacher evaluate his/her performance in the classroom
Frustration Level - correct answer ✔✔The level at which students shouldn't read and indicates an
accuracy rate below 85%.
Adams, Marilyn Jager - correct answer ✔✔A theorist in early reading (emergent reading) who has
identified five tasks for phonemic awareness: Task 1- Ability to hear rhymes and alliteration. Task 2-
Ability to do oddity tasks (recognize the member of a set that is different.) Task 3 -The ability to orally
blend words and split syllables. Task 4 -The ability to orally segment word. Task 5- The ability to do
phonics manipulation tasks.
,Allington, Richard - correct answer ✔✔Matching Text to Readers. Research has included reading and
learning disabilities, and effective instruction in classroom settings.
Alliteration - correct answer ✔✔Occurs when words begin with the same consonant sound, as in Peter
Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.
Alphabetic Principle - correct answer ✔✔The idea that written spellings represent spoken words. Also
known as graphophenemic awareness.
Anchor Book - correct answer ✔✔A balanced literacy term for a book that is purposely read repeatedly
and used as part of both the reading and writing workshop. It is a good idea to use certain books that
become the children's familiar and cherished favorites for both reading and inspiring children's writing.
Assonance - correct answer ✔✔Repetition of stressed vowel sounds within words with different end
consonants. "Fleet feet sweep by sleeping geese".
Atwell, Nancy - correct answer ✔✔Author of "In The Middle: Writing, Reading and Learning With
Adolescents". She believes that students become better writers if they are given ownership of what they
are writing and long uninterrupted blocks of time to write. Rejects lectures, assignments, tests and
worksheets. Mini-lessons are good to address topics as needed.
Authentic Assessment - correct answer ✔✔Assessment activities that reflect the actual workplace,
family, community, and school curriculum.
Balanced Literacy Lesson Format - correct answer ✔✔A format for the delivery of a literacy lesson,
whether it is a reading or writing-workshop lesson. The format begins with a 10-15 minute mini-lesson
delivered by the teacher to the whole class. This mini-lesson is then followed by a thirty-minute small-
group lesson (the children break into small groups to work). It concludes with a 10-minute share session
during which the whole class reconvenes to share what they have done in the small groups. This format
is often referred to as the whole-small-whole group approach.
Behaviorism - correct answer ✔✔Learning is the acquisition of new behavior through conditioning.
Three basic assumptions are held to be true. First, learning is manifested by a change in behavior.
Second, the environment shapes behavior. And third, the principles of contiguity (how close in time two
, events must be for a bond to be formed) and reinforcement (any means of increasing the likelihood that
an event will be repeated) are central to explaining the learning process.
Benchmarks - correct answer ✔✔School, state, or nationally-mandated statements of expectations for
student learning and achievement in various content areas.
BICS (Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (An ELL/Bilingual Education term) - correct answer
✔✔Learning second-language skills and becoming proficient in a second language through face to face
interaction-translation through speaking, listening, and viewing.
Big Books - correct answer ✔✔Best way to model directionality and one to one word matching in
primary grades.
Blending - correct answer ✔✔The process of hearing separate phonemes and being able to merge them
together to read the word.
Book Features - correct answer ✔✔Children need to be familiar with the following: front and back cover;
title and half-title page; dedication page; table of contents; prologue and epilogue; and foreword and
after notes. For factual books, children need to be familiar with labels, captions, glossary, index, headings
and subheadings of chapters, charts and diagrams, and sidebars.
Bound Morpheme - correct answer ✔✔An inflectional ending that can be added to a base word to
change its case, gender, number, tense or form. It cannot stand alone.
Brown & Palinscar - correct answer ✔✔Reciprocal Teaching researchers
Bruner, Jerome - correct answer ✔✔Scaffolding. Contructivism.
Calkins, Lucy - correct answer ✔✔Writing and Reading Workshops. A "constructivist" who believes that
children develop a passion for reading when they are given freedom to choose books that are
meaningful to them. Her approach to literacy is that children work in small groups and consult each
other as much as possible. She advocates that teachers routinely engage in conferences with each
individual child about his writing and reading. Took Graves' ideas on writing and translated them to
include reading.
Ability Grouping - correct answer ✔✔Grouping of children with similar needs for instructional purposes.
They do not remain constant throughout the year but change as the children's needs within them
change.
Phoneme - correct answer ✔✔The smallest unit of speech that can be used to make one word different
from another word.
Independent Reading Level - correct answer ✔✔The level at which a student can read a text on his/her
own as indicated by a 95% accuracy rate.
Grapheme - correct answer ✔✔Unit of writing that represents a single phoneme-can be a letter or group
of letters.
Morpheme - correct answer ✔✔Smallest meaningful unit in the grammar of language (e.g., in, come, -
ing, forming incoming ).
Instructional Level - correct answer ✔✔The level at which students can read with the assistace of a
teacher as indicated by an 85-95% accuracy rate.
Action Research - correct answer ✔✔Teacher research that is carried out by a teacher practitioner in the
classroom to help a teacher evaluate his/her performance in the classroom
Frustration Level - correct answer ✔✔The level at which students shouldn't read and indicates an
accuracy rate below 85%.
Adams, Marilyn Jager - correct answer ✔✔A theorist in early reading (emergent reading) who has
identified five tasks for phonemic awareness: Task 1- Ability to hear rhymes and alliteration. Task 2-
Ability to do oddity tasks (recognize the member of a set that is different.) Task 3 -The ability to orally
blend words and split syllables. Task 4 -The ability to orally segment word. Task 5- The ability to do
phonics manipulation tasks.
,Allington, Richard - correct answer ✔✔Matching Text to Readers. Research has included reading and
learning disabilities, and effective instruction in classroom settings.
Alliteration - correct answer ✔✔Occurs when words begin with the same consonant sound, as in Peter
Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.
Alphabetic Principle - correct answer ✔✔The idea that written spellings represent spoken words. Also
known as graphophenemic awareness.
Anchor Book - correct answer ✔✔A balanced literacy term for a book that is purposely read repeatedly
and used as part of both the reading and writing workshop. It is a good idea to use certain books that
become the children's familiar and cherished favorites for both reading and inspiring children's writing.
Assonance - correct answer ✔✔Repetition of stressed vowel sounds within words with different end
consonants. "Fleet feet sweep by sleeping geese".
Atwell, Nancy - correct answer ✔✔Author of "In The Middle: Writing, Reading and Learning With
Adolescents". She believes that students become better writers if they are given ownership of what they
are writing and long uninterrupted blocks of time to write. Rejects lectures, assignments, tests and
worksheets. Mini-lessons are good to address topics as needed.
Authentic Assessment - correct answer ✔✔Assessment activities that reflect the actual workplace,
family, community, and school curriculum.
Balanced Literacy Lesson Format - correct answer ✔✔A format for the delivery of a literacy lesson,
whether it is a reading or writing-workshop lesson. The format begins with a 10-15 minute mini-lesson
delivered by the teacher to the whole class. This mini-lesson is then followed by a thirty-minute small-
group lesson (the children break into small groups to work). It concludes with a 10-minute share session
during which the whole class reconvenes to share what they have done in the small groups. This format
is often referred to as the whole-small-whole group approach.
Behaviorism - correct answer ✔✔Learning is the acquisition of new behavior through conditioning.
Three basic assumptions are held to be true. First, learning is manifested by a change in behavior.
Second, the environment shapes behavior. And third, the principles of contiguity (how close in time two
, events must be for a bond to be formed) and reinforcement (any means of increasing the likelihood that
an event will be repeated) are central to explaining the learning process.
Benchmarks - correct answer ✔✔School, state, or nationally-mandated statements of expectations for
student learning and achievement in various content areas.
BICS (Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (An ELL/Bilingual Education term) - correct answer
✔✔Learning second-language skills and becoming proficient in a second language through face to face
interaction-translation through speaking, listening, and viewing.
Big Books - correct answer ✔✔Best way to model directionality and one to one word matching in
primary grades.
Blending - correct answer ✔✔The process of hearing separate phonemes and being able to merge them
together to read the word.
Book Features - correct answer ✔✔Children need to be familiar with the following: front and back cover;
title and half-title page; dedication page; table of contents; prologue and epilogue; and foreword and
after notes. For factual books, children need to be familiar with labels, captions, glossary, index, headings
and subheadings of chapters, charts and diagrams, and sidebars.
Bound Morpheme - correct answer ✔✔An inflectional ending that can be added to a base word to
change its case, gender, number, tense or form. It cannot stand alone.
Brown & Palinscar - correct answer ✔✔Reciprocal Teaching researchers
Bruner, Jerome - correct answer ✔✔Scaffolding. Contructivism.
Calkins, Lucy - correct answer ✔✔Writing and Reading Workshops. A "constructivist" who believes that
children develop a passion for reading when they are given freedom to choose books that are
meaningful to them. Her approach to literacy is that children work in small groups and consult each
other as much as possible. She advocates that teachers routinely engage in conferences with each
individual child about his writing and reading. Took Graves' ideas on writing and translated them to
include reading.
