CDS 450 Exam 2 Study Guide with
Complete Solutions
Prosody - ANSWER - using tone of voice. Infants prefer the prosodic patterns of their
language (English tends to be strong/weak)
The prosodic characteristics of speech are - ANSWER - frequency, duration, intensity
frequency - ANSWER - pitch
duration - ANSWER - length
intensity - ANSWER - loudness
stress - ANSWER - emphasis on a syllable (all three- frequency, duration and
intensity)
inotation - ANSWER - pitch variations that signal meaning (pitch)
phonetics - ANSWER -
phonology - ANSWER - The rules of language governing the sounds used to make
syllables and words. One of the components of the language domain of form.
phonotactic cues - ANSWER - in a language, permissible sound combinations.
Perceiving these patterns helps parse the signal. Present by about 9 months. Words
following common phonotactic rules are learned more easily.
categorical perception - ANSWER - an ability infants develop over the first year of
life as they are exposed to language. At a very general level, infants categorize
incoming sounds into speech and nonspeech sounds. Then infants learn to
, categorize speech sounds according to the particular features of the sounds, such
as whether the sound is voiced (doe) or voiceless (toe).
(The ability to perceive sounds as belonging to different phoneme categories (e.g.
that ability to differentiate between /p/ and /b/))
phonetic/perceptual? narrowing - ANSWER - at birth and up until about 6 months,
infants can distinguish between phonemes in languages other than their native
languages. At 6 months, infants seem to only understand the phonemes of their
own language. What might be a phonemic difference in one language (signals a
difference in meaning) may no longer be evident
jargon - ANSWER - contains at least two syllables and at least two different
consonants as well as prosody
zone of proximal development- - ANSWER - Scaffolding into language. As the infant
continues to develop, they take an increasing responsibility for initiation and topic
supported joint engagement - ANSWER - follow vs redirect
joint attention - ANSWER - simultaneous engagement of two or more individuals in
mental focus on a single object of attention
voice onset time - ANSWER - interval between the release of a stop consonant and
the onset of vocal fold vibration (there is a small gap of milliseconds)
superordinate - ANSWER - the uppermost level in a categorical hierarchy. Describe
the most general concept in a particular category (among the later words children
acquire) (food, furniture, clothing)
basic level term - ANSWER - describe general concepts in a category (apple, chair,
shirt). Infants' first categories are basic-level categories, just as their first words are
basic-level words
Complete Solutions
Prosody - ANSWER - using tone of voice. Infants prefer the prosodic patterns of their
language (English tends to be strong/weak)
The prosodic characteristics of speech are - ANSWER - frequency, duration, intensity
frequency - ANSWER - pitch
duration - ANSWER - length
intensity - ANSWER - loudness
stress - ANSWER - emphasis on a syllable (all three- frequency, duration and
intensity)
inotation - ANSWER - pitch variations that signal meaning (pitch)
phonetics - ANSWER -
phonology - ANSWER - The rules of language governing the sounds used to make
syllables and words. One of the components of the language domain of form.
phonotactic cues - ANSWER - in a language, permissible sound combinations.
Perceiving these patterns helps parse the signal. Present by about 9 months. Words
following common phonotactic rules are learned more easily.
categorical perception - ANSWER - an ability infants develop over the first year of
life as they are exposed to language. At a very general level, infants categorize
incoming sounds into speech and nonspeech sounds. Then infants learn to
, categorize speech sounds according to the particular features of the sounds, such
as whether the sound is voiced (doe) or voiceless (toe).
(The ability to perceive sounds as belonging to different phoneme categories (e.g.
that ability to differentiate between /p/ and /b/))
phonetic/perceptual? narrowing - ANSWER - at birth and up until about 6 months,
infants can distinguish between phonemes in languages other than their native
languages. At 6 months, infants seem to only understand the phonemes of their
own language. What might be a phonemic difference in one language (signals a
difference in meaning) may no longer be evident
jargon - ANSWER - contains at least two syllables and at least two different
consonants as well as prosody
zone of proximal development- - ANSWER - Scaffolding into language. As the infant
continues to develop, they take an increasing responsibility for initiation and topic
supported joint engagement - ANSWER - follow vs redirect
joint attention - ANSWER - simultaneous engagement of two or more individuals in
mental focus on a single object of attention
voice onset time - ANSWER - interval between the release of a stop consonant and
the onset of vocal fold vibration (there is a small gap of milliseconds)
superordinate - ANSWER - the uppermost level in a categorical hierarchy. Describe
the most general concept in a particular category (among the later words children
acquire) (food, furniture, clothing)
basic level term - ANSWER - describe general concepts in a category (apple, chair,
shirt). Infants' first categories are basic-level categories, just as their first words are
basic-level words
