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Respiration introduction (BFS)

Institution
University Of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN)

This document summarises all the organs included in the respiratory system along with their functions and also some basic importand information about the respiratory system.

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Uploaded on September 7, 2024
Number of pages 12
Written in 2024/2025
Type Other
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respiratory system introduction

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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (LECTURE ONE)
Parts of the Respiratory System
Upper Respiratory Tract (URT):
 Nose: The entrance for air. It warms, moistens, and filters the
air we breathe. It also helps us smell.
 Pharynx (Throat): A passageway for air and food, and it helps
produce sound when we talk.
 Larynx (Voice Box): Located below the pharynx. It contains the
vocal cords, which vibrate to produce sound.
Lower Respiratory Tract (LRT):
 Trachea (Windpipe): A tube that connects the larynx to the
bronchi. It has rings of cartilage to keep it open and lined with
a mucous membrane to trap dust and germs.
 Bronchi and Bronchioles: The trachea splits into two bronchi
(one for each lung). These bronchi split into smaller tubes
called bronchioles, which spread throughout the lungs.
 Alveoli: Tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles where
oxygen enters the blood, and carbon dioxide leaves the blood.

, MAIN FUNCTIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
 Provide oxygen for the oxidation of food molecules to produce
ATP. (Oxygen helps break down food to release energy)
 Remove carbon dioxide, a waste product of oxidation. (Get rid
of the waste gas produced when cells make energy)
 Maintenance of pH (around 7.4). (Keep the blood from
becoming too acidic or too basic)
o Ventilation can affect pH levels quickly compared to
kidney buffering. (Breathing can change blood pH faster
than the kidneys can)
 Emphysema can lead to respiratory acidosis. (A lung condition
that can cause the blood to become too acidic)
Controlled movement of respiratory muscles is essential for
speaking and singing. (We use these muscles to produce sounds)

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