MN551 Midterm Exam Questions And Answers
Which of the following individuals is at risk to develop edema?
An 81-year-old male with right-sided heart failure and hypothyroidism
The family of a 68-year-old male in the terminal stages of small cell lung cancer is
distressed by his apparent body wasting, which has worsened over the past several
weeks. Which of the following phenomena best accounts for the patient's anorexia and
cachexia?
Cachexia is caused by both products of the tumor itself, as well as a hypermetabolic state
What is the best reflection of some aspect of the respiratory pressures that govern
ventilation?
Options:
Negative intrapleural pressure holds the lungs against the chest wall
A 5-year-old girl, after a course of measles, developed scattered bruising over many body
surfaces and was diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Laboratory blood
work was done as part of her diagnosis. Which of the following lab results is most likely
to be considered unexpected by the health care team?
Increased levels of thrombopoietin
Which of the following is most likely to involve medical intervention as part of the
transition from fetal to perinatal circulation?
Due to re-modeling of the muscle in the pulmonary arteries, pulmonary vascular
resistance increases in the first week of life.
A nurse practitioner would most expect blood to be essentially free of plasma proteins for
the first time in which of the following regions of the nephron?
Bowman Space
A 51-year-old female client, 2 days postoperative, recovering on a surgical unit of an
acute care hospital is at risk for atelectasis due to being relatively immobile. Of the
following teaching options by her nurse practitioner, which is the most appropriate?
Sample answer options:
"You can help your lungs expand most when you are in bed by taking deep breaths and
coughing."
,This 66-year-old patient has an echocardiogram showing left ventricular hypertrophy of
the heart. Chamber volume is normal, as is the ejection fraction from the heart. What is
the most likely diagnosis for this patient?
Aortic valve stenosis
A couple expecting their first child have been advised by friends to consider harvesting
umbilical cord blood in order to have a future source of stem cells. The couple have
approached their nurse practitioner with this request and seek clarification of exactly why
stem cells are valuable and what they might expect to gain from harvesting them. How
best might the nurse practitioner respond to the couple's inquiry?
"Stem cells can act as a reservoir of cells for all blood cell production."
A child has a particular trait that was inherited from the interaction between two genes
that alone had not been able to give the trait. Of the following, which best describes the
genetic account of this?
The phenotype is the result of the interaction of collaborating genes.
A 55-year-old male will see his nurse practitioner for nighttime awakenings to void three
to four times and frequently has a sudden need to void during the day with little warning.
What is the most likely diagnosis for this man along with identifying a possible
underlying pathophysiologic problem?
Overactive bladder possibly resulting from both neurogenic and myogenic sources
Due to fluid loss, a patient's epithelium is not producing adequate mucus. Consequently,
the patient's mucociliary blanket is NOT intact. Based upon this change, which of the
following changes would the care provider most reasonably expect as a direct result of
this?
An increase in the amount of bacteria within the lungs. The major function of the
mucociliary blanket is to entrap foreign particles and bacteria and thereby deny them
entrance into the lungs. The cilia whose function is impaired may simply not provide an
adequate mucociliary blanket, but the converse relationship is unlikely. A diminution in
oxygen and an increase in carbon dioxide levels may be a consequence of this, but as a
somewhat secondary and certainly not immediate effect.
An 81-year-old female patient of a long-term care facility has a history of congestive heart
failure. The nurse practitioner caring for the patient has positioned her sitting up at an
angle in bed and is observing her jugular venous distention. Why is jugular venous
distention a useful indicator for the assessment of the patient's condition?
The blood back up into the jugular vein because there are no valves at the point of entry
into the heart.
We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
, Sputum samples from a patient with pneumonia contain an infective agent that
possesses a peptidoglycan cell wall, produces endotoxins, grows easily in both broth
and agar, forms colonies in clusters, possesses pili, and does not take on the crystal
violet stain. This pneumonia is most likely caused by: a) a bacterium Why or why not?
Solution We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
A 45-year-old patient who had been exposed to radiation in an industrial accident many
years earlier is under examination. Which of the following may form the basis for the
genetic changes that have been observed in the patient?
Radiation exposure may have rearranged base pairs.
A child has been diagnosed with thalassemia. Of the following other conditions, which is
the child at risk for?
splenomegaly and hepatomegaly
Which of the following pregnant women has most likely incurred the greatest risk
increase that her child will have a fetal anomaly?
A woman with herpes simplex who recently recovered from endocarditis
Of the following patients, which one would be considered to have a significant risk for
developing the prerenal form of acute renal failure?
A 22-year-old male who lost a great amount of blood due to a traumatic workplace injury
In managing a complex cardiovascular history for a male patient, the care team would
require a record of the electrical activity of his heart, an insight into the metabolism of his
myocardium, and physical measurements as well as imaging of his heart. Which series of
tests would most likely yield the data needed for his diagnosis and care?
Echocardiogram, PET scan, ECG
A female patient is requiring supplementary oxygen by facemask because she has a
problem with decreased lung compliance. Which of the following pathophysiologic
processes is the most likely contributor to her low lung compliance?
Her thoracic cage is less flexible than it was when she was healthy.
A 77-year-old woman with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, who presents with
tachypneic respiratory rate, nonetheless, has poor gas exchange with retention of CO2.
Which of the following is the most likely scenario that this patient's health care team
would expect to occur?
Her kidneys compensate for this by increasing the plasma HCO3- and her pH will
decrease.
A nurse practitioner is performing patient teaching about the influenza virus with each
patient who has come to the clinic to receive that year's vaccine. Which of the following
Which of the following individuals is at risk to develop edema?
An 81-year-old male with right-sided heart failure and hypothyroidism
The family of a 68-year-old male in the terminal stages of small cell lung cancer is
distressed by his apparent body wasting, which has worsened over the past several
weeks. Which of the following phenomena best accounts for the patient's anorexia and
cachexia?
Cachexia is caused by both products of the tumor itself, as well as a hypermetabolic state
What is the best reflection of some aspect of the respiratory pressures that govern
ventilation?
Options:
Negative intrapleural pressure holds the lungs against the chest wall
A 5-year-old girl, after a course of measles, developed scattered bruising over many body
surfaces and was diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Laboratory blood
work was done as part of her diagnosis. Which of the following lab results is most likely
to be considered unexpected by the health care team?
Increased levels of thrombopoietin
Which of the following is most likely to involve medical intervention as part of the
transition from fetal to perinatal circulation?
Due to re-modeling of the muscle in the pulmonary arteries, pulmonary vascular
resistance increases in the first week of life.
A nurse practitioner would most expect blood to be essentially free of plasma proteins for
the first time in which of the following regions of the nephron?
Bowman Space
A 51-year-old female client, 2 days postoperative, recovering on a surgical unit of an
acute care hospital is at risk for atelectasis due to being relatively immobile. Of the
following teaching options by her nurse practitioner, which is the most appropriate?
Sample answer options:
"You can help your lungs expand most when you are in bed by taking deep breaths and
coughing."
,This 66-year-old patient has an echocardiogram showing left ventricular hypertrophy of
the heart. Chamber volume is normal, as is the ejection fraction from the heart. What is
the most likely diagnosis for this patient?
Aortic valve stenosis
A couple expecting their first child have been advised by friends to consider harvesting
umbilical cord blood in order to have a future source of stem cells. The couple have
approached their nurse practitioner with this request and seek clarification of exactly why
stem cells are valuable and what they might expect to gain from harvesting them. How
best might the nurse practitioner respond to the couple's inquiry?
"Stem cells can act as a reservoir of cells for all blood cell production."
A child has a particular trait that was inherited from the interaction between two genes
that alone had not been able to give the trait. Of the following, which best describes the
genetic account of this?
The phenotype is the result of the interaction of collaborating genes.
A 55-year-old male will see his nurse practitioner for nighttime awakenings to void three
to four times and frequently has a sudden need to void during the day with little warning.
What is the most likely diagnosis for this man along with identifying a possible
underlying pathophysiologic problem?
Overactive bladder possibly resulting from both neurogenic and myogenic sources
Due to fluid loss, a patient's epithelium is not producing adequate mucus. Consequently,
the patient's mucociliary blanket is NOT intact. Based upon this change, which of the
following changes would the care provider most reasonably expect as a direct result of
this?
An increase in the amount of bacteria within the lungs. The major function of the
mucociliary blanket is to entrap foreign particles and bacteria and thereby deny them
entrance into the lungs. The cilia whose function is impaired may simply not provide an
adequate mucociliary blanket, but the converse relationship is unlikely. A diminution in
oxygen and an increase in carbon dioxide levels may be a consequence of this, but as a
somewhat secondary and certainly not immediate effect.
An 81-year-old female patient of a long-term care facility has a history of congestive heart
failure. The nurse practitioner caring for the patient has positioned her sitting up at an
angle in bed and is observing her jugular venous distention. Why is jugular venous
distention a useful indicator for the assessment of the patient's condition?
The blood back up into the jugular vein because there are no valves at the point of entry
into the heart.
We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
, Sputum samples from a patient with pneumonia contain an infective agent that
possesses a peptidoglycan cell wall, produces endotoxins, grows easily in both broth
and agar, forms colonies in clusters, possesses pili, and does not take on the crystal
violet stain. This pneumonia is most likely caused by: a) a bacterium Why or why not?
Solution We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
A 45-year-old patient who had been exposed to radiation in an industrial accident many
years earlier is under examination. Which of the following may form the basis for the
genetic changes that have been observed in the patient?
Radiation exposure may have rearranged base pairs.
A child has been diagnosed with thalassemia. Of the following other conditions, which is
the child at risk for?
splenomegaly and hepatomegaly
Which of the following pregnant women has most likely incurred the greatest risk
increase that her child will have a fetal anomaly?
A woman with herpes simplex who recently recovered from endocarditis
Of the following patients, which one would be considered to have a significant risk for
developing the prerenal form of acute renal failure?
A 22-year-old male who lost a great amount of blood due to a traumatic workplace injury
In managing a complex cardiovascular history for a male patient, the care team would
require a record of the electrical activity of his heart, an insight into the metabolism of his
myocardium, and physical measurements as well as imaging of his heart. Which series of
tests would most likely yield the data needed for his diagnosis and care?
Echocardiogram, PET scan, ECG
A female patient is requiring supplementary oxygen by facemask because she has a
problem with decreased lung compliance. Which of the following pathophysiologic
processes is the most likely contributor to her low lung compliance?
Her thoracic cage is less flexible than it was when she was healthy.
A 77-year-old woman with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, who presents with
tachypneic respiratory rate, nonetheless, has poor gas exchange with retention of CO2.
Which of the following is the most likely scenario that this patient's health care team
would expect to occur?
Her kidneys compensate for this by increasing the plasma HCO3- and her pH will
decrease.
A nurse practitioner is performing patient teaching about the influenza virus with each
patient who has come to the clinic to receive that year's vaccine. Which of the following
