CMP Study Questions with
All Correct Answers
What is the major osmole in serum? - Answer-sodium
high serum glucose - Answer-hyperglycemia
high sodium in the serum - Answer-hypernatremia dehydration
High H2O loss via kidney due to lack of ADH anti diuretic hormone - Answer-diabetes
insipidus
Disorders that cause high serum osmolality - Answer-hyperglycemia
hypernatremic dehydration
toxins
diabetes insipidus
kidney disease
disorders that cause low serum osmolality and hyponatremia - Answer-overhydration
hypothyroidism
SIADH
disorder that cause excess ADH which retains water and causes reduced sodium -
Answer-syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH)
Causes of SIADH - Answer-CNS: severe head trauma, large brain hemorrhage, tumors,
infections, psychosis
Endocrine
Lung: TB, pneumonia, lung cancer
In a diseased glomeruli that is leaky, what can that lead too? - Answer-proteinuria
What does a healthy proximal tubule do? - Answer-reabsorbs H2O, Na, Cl, glucose,
amino acids, bicarbonate
What is the function of the loop of henle? - Answer-active Na/K pumps create
hypermolar interstitium of the renal medulla which is critical for water reabsorption from
the distal tubule and collecting ducts
, function of juxtaglomerular apparatus - Answer-senses and responds to renal perfusion
pressure and Na conc. in the afferent arteriole
When does JGA release renin? - Answer-when renal perfusion pressure is low or Na
conc. is low
How does renin work? - Answer-releases angiotensin, which releases aldosterone from
adrenal glands. Aldosterone increases Na reabsorption at distal renal tubule and
collecting duct
Why does CHF lead to edema? - Answer-poor renal perfusion activates renin-
angiotensin-aldosterone system to reabsorb Na, H2O moves into intravascular space
and overloads into interstitium
How does aldosterone work? - Answer-kidney reabsorbs Na and H2O and K is excreted
in the urine
How does ADH work? - Answer-hypothalamus stimulates pituitary, ADH released which
increases renal H2O resorption
High serum osmolality effect on ADH? - Answer-ADH released, H2O resorbed
Low serum osmolality effect on ADH? - Answer-inhibits ADH, kidneys excrete more
H2O
GI volume depletion causes - Answer-bleeding, vomiting, diarrhea, tube drainage from
GI tract
renal volume depletion causes - Answer-diuretics, lithium
cortisol deficiency causing reduced Na and H2O retention by kidney - Answer-addisons
disease
ADH secretion from hypothalamus is reduced or absent - Answer-central diabetes
insipidus
renal disease, renal tubules unresponsive to ADH and lose water - Answer-nephrogenic
diabetes insipidus
causes of volume depletion - Answer-internal or external bleeding
intestinal obstruction
peritonitis
pancreatitis
excess sweating
severe burns
excessive diuretics
All Correct Answers
What is the major osmole in serum? - Answer-sodium
high serum glucose - Answer-hyperglycemia
high sodium in the serum - Answer-hypernatremia dehydration
High H2O loss via kidney due to lack of ADH anti diuretic hormone - Answer-diabetes
insipidus
Disorders that cause high serum osmolality - Answer-hyperglycemia
hypernatremic dehydration
toxins
diabetes insipidus
kidney disease
disorders that cause low serum osmolality and hyponatremia - Answer-overhydration
hypothyroidism
SIADH
disorder that cause excess ADH which retains water and causes reduced sodium -
Answer-syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH)
Causes of SIADH - Answer-CNS: severe head trauma, large brain hemorrhage, tumors,
infections, psychosis
Endocrine
Lung: TB, pneumonia, lung cancer
In a diseased glomeruli that is leaky, what can that lead too? - Answer-proteinuria
What does a healthy proximal tubule do? - Answer-reabsorbs H2O, Na, Cl, glucose,
amino acids, bicarbonate
What is the function of the loop of henle? - Answer-active Na/K pumps create
hypermolar interstitium of the renal medulla which is critical for water reabsorption from
the distal tubule and collecting ducts
, function of juxtaglomerular apparatus - Answer-senses and responds to renal perfusion
pressure and Na conc. in the afferent arteriole
When does JGA release renin? - Answer-when renal perfusion pressure is low or Na
conc. is low
How does renin work? - Answer-releases angiotensin, which releases aldosterone from
adrenal glands. Aldosterone increases Na reabsorption at distal renal tubule and
collecting duct
Why does CHF lead to edema? - Answer-poor renal perfusion activates renin-
angiotensin-aldosterone system to reabsorb Na, H2O moves into intravascular space
and overloads into interstitium
How does aldosterone work? - Answer-kidney reabsorbs Na and H2O and K is excreted
in the urine
How does ADH work? - Answer-hypothalamus stimulates pituitary, ADH released which
increases renal H2O resorption
High serum osmolality effect on ADH? - Answer-ADH released, H2O resorbed
Low serum osmolality effect on ADH? - Answer-inhibits ADH, kidneys excrete more
H2O
GI volume depletion causes - Answer-bleeding, vomiting, diarrhea, tube drainage from
GI tract
renal volume depletion causes - Answer-diuretics, lithium
cortisol deficiency causing reduced Na and H2O retention by kidney - Answer-addisons
disease
ADH secretion from hypothalamus is reduced or absent - Answer-central diabetes
insipidus
renal disease, renal tubules unresponsive to ADH and lose water - Answer-nephrogenic
diabetes insipidus
causes of volume depletion - Answer-internal or external bleeding
intestinal obstruction
peritonitis
pancreatitis
excess sweating
severe burns
excessive diuretics
