psych mania Study Guide With Actual Questions And Verified Correct Answers.

mania - correct answer -an alteration in mood that is expressed by feelings of elation, inflated self-esteem, grandiosity, hyperactivity, agitation, and accelerated thinking and speaking. -can occur as a biological (organic) or psychological disorder or as a response to substance use or a general medical condition bipolar disorder - correct answer -characterized by mood swings from profound depression to extreme euphoria (mania) with intervening periods of normalcy. -Delusions or hallucinations may or may not be part of clinical picture. -Onset of symptoms may reflect seasonal pattern. hypomania - correct answer -somewhat milder form of mania -its not severe enough to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning to require hospitalization, and it doesn't include psychotic featured Bipolar disorder epidemiology - correct answer -Gender incidence is roughly equal: The ratio of women to men is about 1.2 to 1. -The average age at onset is the early 20s. -It is more common in single than in married persons. -It occurs more often in the higher socioeconomic classes. -Peak onset is 15-19 years of age some describe symptoms as early as childhood. -Late age onset after age 50 Bipolar I: depressive - correct answer -Client is experiencing, or has experienced, a full syndrome of manic or mixed symptoms -Client may also have experienced episodes of depression. Mixed episode - correct answer -Criteria for manic and MDD met nearly every day for 1 week. -Requires hospitalization if severe enough -Psychotic features may develp Rapid Cycling - correct answer -Extreme forms of mood lability -Occurrence of four or more mood episodes -Manic, mixed, hypomanic, depressive Bipolar II: hypomania - correct answer -Characterized by bouts of major depression with episodic occurrence of hypomania -Has never met criteria for full manic episode Mania-elevated, expansive, or irritable mood - correct answer -Grandiosity -Speech is pressured -Flight of ideas -Talkative and difficult to interrupt or follow thought process -Need for sleep decreased -Increase in goal directed activity-cleaning the house, walking the streets, gambling, sex -Quickly deteriorates into disorganized behavior, agitation, hyperactivity hypomanic - correct answer -Less severe than manic -Does not cause social and/or occupational impairment -Does not require hospitalization -Sudden onset -Preceded or followed by a depressive episode Cyclothymic Disorder - correct answer -Chronic mood disturbance -At least 2-year duration -Numerous episodes of hypomania and depressed mood of insufficient severity to meet the criteria for either bipolar I or II disorder -Individual is never without symptoms for more than 2 months Substance/ Medication-Induced Bipolar Disorder - correct answer -A disturbance of mood (depression or mania) that is considered to be the direct result of the physiological effects of a substance (e.g., ingestion of or withdrawal from a drug of abuse or a medication or other treatment) -Causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning -Symptoms can occur with withdrawal from substances such as alcohol, amphetamines, cocaine, sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytics Bipolar Disorder Associated with Another Medical Condition - correct answer -Characterized by an abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and excessive activity or energy that is judged to be the result of direct physiological effects of another medical condition. Kindling theory - correct answer -response to first stressful event--results in long lasting effects on the brain, altering brain structures The stress hormone - correct answer cortisol FIND - correct answer -Frequency: Symptoms occur most days in a week. -Intensity: Symptoms are severe enough to cause extreme disturbance. -Number: Symptoms occur 3 or 4 times a day. -Duration: Symptoms last for 4 or more hours a day. symptoms of bipolar disorder in adolescents - correct answer -Euphoric/expansive mood: extremely happy, silly, or giddy -Irritable mood: hostility and rage, often over trivial matters -Grandiosity: Believes abilities to be better than everyone else's. -Decreased need for sleep: May sleep for only 4 or 5 hours per night and wake up feeling rested. -Pressured speech: loud, intrusive, difficult to interrupt -Racing thoughts: Rapid change of topics. -Distractibility: Unable to focus on school lessons. -Increase in goal-directed activity/psychomotor agitation: Activities become obsessive. Increased psychomotor agitation. -Excessive involvement in pleasurable or risky activities: Exhibits behavior that has an erotic, pleasure-seeking quality about it. -Psychosis: May experience hallucinations and delusions. -Suicidality: May exhibit suicidal behavior during a depressed or mixed episode or when psychotic. treatment strategies for bipolar - correct answer Frist line treatment→ monotherapy with mood stabilizers (lithium, divalproex, carbamazepine) or atypical antipsychotics (olanzapine, quietiapine, risperidone, aripiprazole) First line treatment for mania in children and adolescents - correct answer SGA most common comorbid condition - correct answer ADHD Family Interventions - correct answer -Psychoeducation about bipolar disorder -Communication training -Problem-solving skills training Stage I: Hypomania - correct answer -Symptoms not sufficiently severe to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning or to require hospitalization -Cheerful and expansive mood -Rapid flow of ideas, heightened perception -So easily distracted by irrelevant stimuli that goal-directed activities are difficult -Increased motor activity Stage II: Acute mania - correct answer