NUR 161 Exam 2, HONDROS complete solutions and explanations
2024/2025
1. Question: What is the primary purpose of the nursing process?
o Answer: To provide a systematic, patient-centered approach to care.
o Explanation: The nursing process is a framework for providing individualized care
through assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.
2. Question: What are the five steps of the nursing process?
o Answer: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation.
o Explanation: These steps ensure comprehensive patient care and promote positive
outcomes.
3. Question: Why is patient confidentiality important in nursing practice?
o Answer: To protect patient privacy and comply with legal and ethical standards.
o Explanation: Confidentiality is essential for maintaining trust and adhering to HIPAA
regulations.
4. Question: How do nurses prioritize patient care?
o Answer: By using Maslow's hierarchy of needs or the ABCs (Airway, Breathing,
Circulation).
o Explanation: Prioritizing care helps ensure that the most critical health needs are
addressed first.
5. Question: What is the role of a nursing diagnosis in patient care?
o Answer: To identify and prioritize patient problems that require nursing intervention.
o Explanation: Nursing diagnoses provide a basis for selecting appropriate nursing
interventions.
Vital Signs and Basic Patient Assessment
6. Question: What is the normal range for an adult's body temperature?
o Answer: 97.8°F to 99.1°F (36.5°C to 37.3°C).
o Explanation: Knowing the normal range is crucial for identifying fever or hypothermia.
7. Question: How is a radial pulse properly assessed?
o Answer: By palpating the radial artery at the wrist for 30 seconds (and multiplying by 2)
or for 60 seconds.
o Explanation: Accurate pulse measurement is vital for assessing cardiovascular health.
8. Question: What are the common sites for measuring blood pressure?
o Answer: Brachial artery (most common), radial artery, and sometimes the thigh.
, NUR 161 Exam 2, HONDROS complete solutions and explanations
2024/2025
o Explanation: Accurate blood pressure measurement is essential for diagnosing
hypertension.
9. Question: Describe the steps for performing a head-to-toe assessment.
o Answer: Start with general observation, then systematically assess the head, neck, chest,
abdomen, extremities, and skin.
o Explanation: A thorough assessment ensures that no aspect of the patient’s condition is
overlooked.
10. Question: What is orthostatic hypotension, and how is it assessed?
o Answer: A significant drop in blood pressure when moving from lying down to standing.
o Explanation: It is assessed by measuring blood pressure in different positions (lying,
sitting, standing).
Infection Control and Asepsis
11. Question: What are standard precautions, and why are they important?
o Answer: Practices used to prevent transmission of diseases by assuming all patients
could be infectious.
o Explanation: Standard precautions protect both patients and healthcare workers from
infection.
12. Question: How should a nurse properly don and doff personal protective equipment (PPE)?
o Answer: Donning: gown, mask, goggles/face shield, gloves. Doffing: gloves, goggles/face
shield, gown, mask.
o Explanation: Proper technique reduces the risk of contamination.
13. Question: What is the difference between medical and surgical asepsis?
o Answer: Medical asepsis reduces the number of pathogens; surgical asepsis eliminates
them.
o Explanation: Understanding the difference is key to preventing infections in different
settings.
14. Question: Describe the proper technique for hand hygiene.
o Answer: Wash hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds or use hand sanitizer
with at least 60% alcohol.
o Explanation: Hand hygiene is the most effective way to prevent the spread of infections.
15. Question: When is it necessary to use contact precautions?
2024/2025
1. Question: What is the primary purpose of the nursing process?
o Answer: To provide a systematic, patient-centered approach to care.
o Explanation: The nursing process is a framework for providing individualized care
through assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.
2. Question: What are the five steps of the nursing process?
o Answer: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation.
o Explanation: These steps ensure comprehensive patient care and promote positive
outcomes.
3. Question: Why is patient confidentiality important in nursing practice?
o Answer: To protect patient privacy and comply with legal and ethical standards.
o Explanation: Confidentiality is essential for maintaining trust and adhering to HIPAA
regulations.
4. Question: How do nurses prioritize patient care?
o Answer: By using Maslow's hierarchy of needs or the ABCs (Airway, Breathing,
Circulation).
o Explanation: Prioritizing care helps ensure that the most critical health needs are
addressed first.
5. Question: What is the role of a nursing diagnosis in patient care?
o Answer: To identify and prioritize patient problems that require nursing intervention.
o Explanation: Nursing diagnoses provide a basis for selecting appropriate nursing
interventions.
Vital Signs and Basic Patient Assessment
6. Question: What is the normal range for an adult's body temperature?
o Answer: 97.8°F to 99.1°F (36.5°C to 37.3°C).
o Explanation: Knowing the normal range is crucial for identifying fever or hypothermia.
7. Question: How is a radial pulse properly assessed?
o Answer: By palpating the radial artery at the wrist for 30 seconds (and multiplying by 2)
or for 60 seconds.
o Explanation: Accurate pulse measurement is vital for assessing cardiovascular health.
8. Question: What are the common sites for measuring blood pressure?
o Answer: Brachial artery (most common), radial artery, and sometimes the thigh.
, NUR 161 Exam 2, HONDROS complete solutions and explanations
2024/2025
o Explanation: Accurate blood pressure measurement is essential for diagnosing
hypertension.
9. Question: Describe the steps for performing a head-to-toe assessment.
o Answer: Start with general observation, then systematically assess the head, neck, chest,
abdomen, extremities, and skin.
o Explanation: A thorough assessment ensures that no aspect of the patient’s condition is
overlooked.
10. Question: What is orthostatic hypotension, and how is it assessed?
o Answer: A significant drop in blood pressure when moving from lying down to standing.
o Explanation: It is assessed by measuring blood pressure in different positions (lying,
sitting, standing).
Infection Control and Asepsis
11. Question: What are standard precautions, and why are they important?
o Answer: Practices used to prevent transmission of diseases by assuming all patients
could be infectious.
o Explanation: Standard precautions protect both patients and healthcare workers from
infection.
12. Question: How should a nurse properly don and doff personal protective equipment (PPE)?
o Answer: Donning: gown, mask, goggles/face shield, gloves. Doffing: gloves, goggles/face
shield, gown, mask.
o Explanation: Proper technique reduces the risk of contamination.
13. Question: What is the difference between medical and surgical asepsis?
o Answer: Medical asepsis reduces the number of pathogens; surgical asepsis eliminates
them.
o Explanation: Understanding the difference is key to preventing infections in different
settings.
14. Question: Describe the proper technique for hand hygiene.
o Answer: Wash hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds or use hand sanitizer
with at least 60% alcohol.
o Explanation: Hand hygiene is the most effective way to prevent the spread of infections.
15. Question: When is it necessary to use contact precautions?
