CRNA Study Questions with Correct Rationale

Venous irritation associated with the injection of diazepam and lorazepam is secondary to: 1. the high degree of water solubility of these agents 2. the presence of propylene glycol as a solvent 3. the presence of metabisulfite as a preservative 4. the low pH of these agents Venous irritation associated with the injection of diazepam and lorazepam is secondary to: the presence of propylene glycol as a solvent The insolubility of diazepam and lorazepam in water requires that parenteral preparations contain propylene glycol, which has been associated with venous irritation. In the thromboelastogram below, clot strength is best represented by: A B E F The maximum amplitude (E) is a measure of the strength of the fully formed clot. It reflects primarily platelet number and function although it also requires proper fibrin formation to achieve normal values. In patients with a history of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, intraoperative management should include: 1. a nitroglycerine infusion 2. inotropic support 3. afterload reduction 4. maintenance of adequate preload In patients with a history of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, intraoperative management should include: maintenance of adequate preload In patients with outflow obstruction, myocardial depression and maintenance of preload and afterload are desirable. Correct statements regarding cerebral metabolism include: 1. the brain can only utilize glucose as an energy source 2. forty percent of brain glucose consumption is anaerobically metabolized 3. hyperglycemia can reduce the damage from focal hypoxic injury 4. the adult brain consumes approximately 50 ml/min of oxygen Correct statements regarding cerebral metabolism include: the adult brain consumes approximately 50 ml/min of oxygen The adult brain consumes about 20% of the total body oxygen (50 ml/min). Neuronal cells normally utilize glucose as their energy source, but can also utilize ketone bodies and lactate. Hyperglycemia has been shown to worsen global and focal hypoxic brain injury. In the graph of cerebral blood flow below, PaO2 would best be represented by curve: 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D Curve A best represents the effects of changing oxygen tensions on cerebral blood flow. Hypoxemia causes a significant increase in CBF to meet the brain's metabolic demand. Hyperoxia, however, causes little change in CBF. Portal hypertension is defined as sustained portal vein pressure greater than: a. 5 mm Hg above hepatic vein pressure b. 10 mm Hg above hepatic vein pressure c. 15 mm Hg above hepatic vein pressure d. 20 mm Hg above hepatic vein pressure Portal hypertension is defined as sustained portal vein pressure greater than: 5 mm Hg above hepatic vein pressure Portal hypertension is defined as a sustained portal vein pressure of 5 mm Hg or greater above hepatic vein pressure. This leads to the formation of portal-systemic collateral venous channels.