©PREP4EXAMS@2024 [REAL EXAM DUMPS] Friday, July 19, 2024 6:13 AM
HEENT ROSH REVIEW QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (100% PASS)
A 28-year-old woman presents with intense pain, tearing, and ocular foreign body sensation in
both eyes that began yesterday. She denies any trauma, past medical problems, or contact lens
use and reports that she works as ski patrol for a local resort. Her physical examination is
significant for bilateral decreased visual acuity, injected conjunctiva, and diffuse punctuate
corneal lesions with a discrete superior border. Her pupils are equal, round, and reactive to light.
Given this patient's clinical presentation, which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? -
✔️✔️Ultraviolet ketartitis
What is another name for ultraviolet keratitis and how is it caused? - ✔️✔️This patient has
ultraviolet keratitis, also known as snow blindness. This is a radiation burn that occurs when an
individual comes in close contact with an ultraviolet-ray-containing light source. It may be
caused by sun lamps, tanning booths, or exposure to intense reflected sunlight, particularly in
high-altitude environments
How will flouresence staining present with ultraviolet keratitis? - ✔️✔️Fluorescein staining
reveals superficial punctate epithelial surface irregularities, which usually cover the entire
surface of the cornea. This condition is usually referred to as superficial punctate keratitis (SPK)
What is the treatment for ultraviolet keratitis? - ✔️✔️Treatment consists of flushing the eye for
several minutes with water or saline solution and prescribing a short-acting cycloplegic agent for
pain management. The use of ophthalmic antibiotics has not been shown to improve healing.
While oral pain medications are often needed, topical anesthetics should be avoided due to an
increased risk of corneal ulceration.
What is episcleritis and how is it caused? - ✔️✔️Episcleritis (B) is a common, benign
inflammatory condition of the episclera and most often occurs in young adults. It is usually
idiopathic but may be associated with systemic conditions such as diabetes mellitus, systemic
lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Patients typically
1
, ©PREP4EXAMS@2024 [REAL EXAM DUMPS] Friday, July 19, 2024 6:13 AM
complain of a foreign body sensation, mild pain, photophobia, and lacrimation. The condition is
usually self-limiting.
What is iritis? - ✔️✔️Iritis (C), also known as anterior uveitis, is an inflammation of the anterior
portions of the uvea (iris, ciliary body, and choroid). It is often idiopathic but may be associated
with systemic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, Reiter syndrome, and
tuberculosis.
How do cycloplegics work? - ✔️✔️They relax ciliary muscle spasm and prevent contraction of the
iris, reducing pupillary photoresponse.
What is leukoplakia? - ✔️✔️Leukoplakia is a premalignant white patch or plaque that may
eventually progress to an ulcer or mass. It is a pre-malignant oral lesion. The biggest risk factors
are tobacco and alcohol use.
If oral leukoplakia is persistent for more than 2 weeks what is required? - ✔️✔️If oral leukoplakia
persists for more than 2 weeks, biopsy and treatment is required.
What is the 5-year survival rate for oral cancer? - ✔️✔️50-55%.
The histopathologic findings of this disease includes endolymphatic hydrops, which is thought to
be caused by either overproduction or underresorption of endolymph in the inner ear. -
✔️✔️Meniere's disease
What percentage of vertigo is due to central vestibular etiologies? - ✔️✔️Less than 10%
What is the treatment for menieres disease? - ✔️✔️Vestibular rehabilitation, low-salt diet, HCT,
surgery
What is the treatment for a subconjunctival hemmorrage? - ✔️✔️Reassurance and follow up
What is the cause of a subconjunctival hemmorrhage? - ✔️✔️Subconjunctival hemorrhage results
from rupture of small subconjunctival blood vessels. It is thought to occur from trauma or
Valsalva maneuvers (e.g. coughing) although patients often have no memory of an inciting event.
What history with subconjunctival hemorrhage would prompt investigation into a bleeding
diathesis? - ✔️✔️Bilateral or recurrent subconjunctival hemorrhage should have a bleeding
diathesis workup.
2
HEENT ROSH REVIEW QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (100% PASS)
A 28-year-old woman presents with intense pain, tearing, and ocular foreign body sensation in
both eyes that began yesterday. She denies any trauma, past medical problems, or contact lens
use and reports that she works as ski patrol for a local resort. Her physical examination is
significant for bilateral decreased visual acuity, injected conjunctiva, and diffuse punctuate
corneal lesions with a discrete superior border. Her pupils are equal, round, and reactive to light.
Given this patient's clinical presentation, which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? -
✔️✔️Ultraviolet ketartitis
What is another name for ultraviolet keratitis and how is it caused? - ✔️✔️This patient has
ultraviolet keratitis, also known as snow blindness. This is a radiation burn that occurs when an
individual comes in close contact with an ultraviolet-ray-containing light source. It may be
caused by sun lamps, tanning booths, or exposure to intense reflected sunlight, particularly in
high-altitude environments
How will flouresence staining present with ultraviolet keratitis? - ✔️✔️Fluorescein staining
reveals superficial punctate epithelial surface irregularities, which usually cover the entire
surface of the cornea. This condition is usually referred to as superficial punctate keratitis (SPK)
What is the treatment for ultraviolet keratitis? - ✔️✔️Treatment consists of flushing the eye for
several minutes with water or saline solution and prescribing a short-acting cycloplegic agent for
pain management. The use of ophthalmic antibiotics has not been shown to improve healing.
While oral pain medications are often needed, topical anesthetics should be avoided due to an
increased risk of corneal ulceration.
What is episcleritis and how is it caused? - ✔️✔️Episcleritis (B) is a common, benign
inflammatory condition of the episclera and most often occurs in young adults. It is usually
idiopathic but may be associated with systemic conditions such as diabetes mellitus, systemic
lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Patients typically
1
, ©PREP4EXAMS@2024 [REAL EXAM DUMPS] Friday, July 19, 2024 6:13 AM
complain of a foreign body sensation, mild pain, photophobia, and lacrimation. The condition is
usually self-limiting.
What is iritis? - ✔️✔️Iritis (C), also known as anterior uveitis, is an inflammation of the anterior
portions of the uvea (iris, ciliary body, and choroid). It is often idiopathic but may be associated
with systemic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, Reiter syndrome, and
tuberculosis.
How do cycloplegics work? - ✔️✔️They relax ciliary muscle spasm and prevent contraction of the
iris, reducing pupillary photoresponse.
What is leukoplakia? - ✔️✔️Leukoplakia is a premalignant white patch or plaque that may
eventually progress to an ulcer or mass. It is a pre-malignant oral lesion. The biggest risk factors
are tobacco and alcohol use.
If oral leukoplakia is persistent for more than 2 weeks what is required? - ✔️✔️If oral leukoplakia
persists for more than 2 weeks, biopsy and treatment is required.
What is the 5-year survival rate for oral cancer? - ✔️✔️50-55%.
The histopathologic findings of this disease includes endolymphatic hydrops, which is thought to
be caused by either overproduction or underresorption of endolymph in the inner ear. -
✔️✔️Meniere's disease
What percentage of vertigo is due to central vestibular etiologies? - ✔️✔️Less than 10%
What is the treatment for menieres disease? - ✔️✔️Vestibular rehabilitation, low-salt diet, HCT,
surgery
What is the treatment for a subconjunctival hemmorrage? - ✔️✔️Reassurance and follow up
What is the cause of a subconjunctival hemmorrhage? - ✔️✔️Subconjunctival hemorrhage results
from rupture of small subconjunctival blood vessels. It is thought to occur from trauma or
Valsalva maneuvers (e.g. coughing) although patients often have no memory of an inciting event.
What history with subconjunctival hemorrhage would prompt investigation into a bleeding
diathesis? - ✔️✔️Bilateral or recurrent subconjunctival hemorrhage should have a bleeding
diathesis workup.
2
