Test Bank for How Children Develop 7th Edition by Robert S. Siegler
Chapter 01 7e Siegler
Answers Included ✅
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Which brain structure is particularly important for learning and memory?
a. hippocampus
b. amygdala
c. hypothalamus
d. pons
2. A study (Johnson, McGue, & Iacono, 2006) discussed in the text demonstrated that the grades of children
who were highly engaged in school:
a. remained consistent with their genetic background and family environment.
b. changed in more positive directions than would have been predicted by genetic background or family
environment alone.
c. deteriorated significantly despite their academic engagement.
d. had no correlation with their level of school involvement.
3. Suppose a researcher found out that there was a strong positive correlation between the number of minutes
parents spend reading to children and the number of minutes parents spend engaging in athletic activity with
children. If the researcher concluded that engaging in high levels of athletic activity with children causes
parents to read to them more often, which type of problem would MOST likely be occurring?
a. third-variable
b. direction-of-correlation
c. direction-of-causation
d. insufficient-knowledge
4. Which statement does NOT express a benefit of structured observation?
a. The researcher can design the context to elicit the behavior of interest.
b. Researchers are able to observe behaviors that occur only infrequently.
c. Children feel comfortable in their own environment.
d. All children are observed in the same situation.
5. A researcher would be MOST likely to use a microgenetic design to examine which topic?
a. basic pattern of age-related changes in a particular skill
b. pattern of stability and change in individual children's development in a particular area
c. how change in a particular skill occurs
d. how individual differences remain stable over long periods of time
Page 1
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 7e Siegler
6. A researcher is interested in the development of depression. She interviews children aged 5, 9, and 13 about
their depressive symptoms. This is an example of which type of design?
a. longitudinal
b. experimental
c. microgenetic
d. cross-sectional
7. Romanian-born children who were adopted by British families _____ fared BEST in weight gain after
adoption.
a. before age 6 months
b. between the ages of 6 and 24 months
c. between the ages of 24 and 42 months
d. after 42 months
8. According to cross-cultural comparative studies, in which country are infants expected to sleep in their own
bed, separate from their parents, by 6 months of age?
a. Japan
b. South Korea
c. the United States
d. Mexico
9. To examine whether children's cognitive development occurs in stages, Professor Blue observes four groups
of children. Each child's performance on cognitive tasks is observed 2 or more times over a period of two
years. Which group is MOST likely to lead Professor Blue to conclude that development occurs
continuously?
a. group A, whose performance on a single task is observed twice each year
b. group B, whose performance on multiple tasks is observed twice each year
c. group C, whose performance on a single task is observed every week
d. group D, whose performance on multiple tasks is observed every week
10. Research studies engaging in _____ designs often reveal that practices which are rare or nonexistent in one's
own culture are common in other cultures.
a. cross-sectional
b. longitudinal
c. cross-cultural
d. experimental
Page 2
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 7e Siegler
11. Which philosopher offered the argument that children should be provided with maximum freedom and no
formal education prior to the age of reason at approximately age 12?
a. Rousseau
b. Plato
c. Aristotle
d. Locke
12. Which factor is the greatest obstacle to poor children's chances of successful development?
a. accumulation of various disadvantages
b. growing up in a single-parent home or without biological parents
c. lack of parental involvement in their schooling
d. genetic disadvantages
13. A method used to combine the results from independent studies to reach conclusions based on all of them is
referred to as:
a. meta-analysis.
b. factor analysis.
c. longitudinal design.
d. cross-sectional design.
14. A longitudinal design would be MOST useful for which research question?
a. Are older children better than younger children at playing hopscotch?
b. What are the similarities and differences in the TV-viewing habits of elementary school students and
junior high school students?
c. Do children who are empathetic preschoolers become empathetic teenagers?
d. How do children learn to solve jigsaw puzzles?
15. Research has determined that this brain area is involved in emotional reactions.
a. amygdala
b. hippocampus
c. hypothalamus
d. pons
16. How are scientific journals addressing the file-drawer problem and promoting transparency in research
methodology?
a. by using researchers to keep their methods confidential until after a study's completion
b. by conducting thorough reviews of research articles before submission
c. by encouraging preregistration, where researchers outline their planned methods before conducting
the study
d. by increasing the number of articles accepted, regardless of the significance of their results
Page 3
, Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 7e Siegler
17. Empathy refers to a:
a. method and approach in solving emotional issues.
b. term used in early childhood education to describe language activities.
c. stage in infant development relating to gross motor skills.
d. person's capacity to understand and share the feelings of another person.
18. A researcher is interested in thoroughly exploring 8-year-old Apurva's thoughts and feelings about living in
poverty. The researcher's BEST option for obtaining this information would be:
a. a clinical interview.
b. a structured interview.
c. naturalistic observation.
d. structured observation.
19. Which of these examples BEST represents a study that would be conducted by an epigenetics researcher?
a. Dr. Nguyen studied the impact of video games on a child's behavior.
b. Dr. Santos studied the impact of childhood trauma on adulthood health.
c. Dr. Patel studied the impact of early childhood education on later academic success.
d. Dr. Rossi studied the impact of social pressure on making risky decisions during adolescence.
20. The term "reliability" does NOT refer to the:
a. consistency of measurements.
b. similarity in results when a variable is measured at two different time points.
c. ability to generalize measurements.
d. level of agreement in observations by different observers.
21. Dr. Schmidt is studying the effectiveness of a new reading program on minority children who have
experienced an impoverished family background and low maternal involvement. She will separate children
into two groups: one that gets the new reading program and one that uses the current reading program. She
will also use random assignment to create her two groups. The groups created in this manner would NOT be
comparable with regard to which characteristic?
a. minority status
b. maternal involvement
c. family income level
d. paternal education level
22. _____ is a person's complete set of hereditary information.
a. Nurture
b. Epigenetics
c. Genome
d. Biology
Page 4
Chapter 01 7e Siegler
Answers Included ✅
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Which brain structure is particularly important for learning and memory?
a. hippocampus
b. amygdala
c. hypothalamus
d. pons
2. A study (Johnson, McGue, & Iacono, 2006) discussed in the text demonstrated that the grades of children
who were highly engaged in school:
a. remained consistent with their genetic background and family environment.
b. changed in more positive directions than would have been predicted by genetic background or family
environment alone.
c. deteriorated significantly despite their academic engagement.
d. had no correlation with their level of school involvement.
3. Suppose a researcher found out that there was a strong positive correlation between the number of minutes
parents spend reading to children and the number of minutes parents spend engaging in athletic activity with
children. If the researcher concluded that engaging in high levels of athletic activity with children causes
parents to read to them more often, which type of problem would MOST likely be occurring?
a. third-variable
b. direction-of-correlation
c. direction-of-causation
d. insufficient-knowledge
4. Which statement does NOT express a benefit of structured observation?
a. The researcher can design the context to elicit the behavior of interest.
b. Researchers are able to observe behaviors that occur only infrequently.
c. Children feel comfortable in their own environment.
d. All children are observed in the same situation.
5. A researcher would be MOST likely to use a microgenetic design to examine which topic?
a. basic pattern of age-related changes in a particular skill
b. pattern of stability and change in individual children's development in a particular area
c. how change in a particular skill occurs
d. how individual differences remain stable over long periods of time
Page 1
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 7e Siegler
6. A researcher is interested in the development of depression. She interviews children aged 5, 9, and 13 about
their depressive symptoms. This is an example of which type of design?
a. longitudinal
b. experimental
c. microgenetic
d. cross-sectional
7. Romanian-born children who were adopted by British families _____ fared BEST in weight gain after
adoption.
a. before age 6 months
b. between the ages of 6 and 24 months
c. between the ages of 24 and 42 months
d. after 42 months
8. According to cross-cultural comparative studies, in which country are infants expected to sleep in their own
bed, separate from their parents, by 6 months of age?
a. Japan
b. South Korea
c. the United States
d. Mexico
9. To examine whether children's cognitive development occurs in stages, Professor Blue observes four groups
of children. Each child's performance on cognitive tasks is observed 2 or more times over a period of two
years. Which group is MOST likely to lead Professor Blue to conclude that development occurs
continuously?
a. group A, whose performance on a single task is observed twice each year
b. group B, whose performance on multiple tasks is observed twice each year
c. group C, whose performance on a single task is observed every week
d. group D, whose performance on multiple tasks is observed every week
10. Research studies engaging in _____ designs often reveal that practices which are rare or nonexistent in one's
own culture are common in other cultures.
a. cross-sectional
b. longitudinal
c. cross-cultural
d. experimental
Page 2
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 7e Siegler
11. Which philosopher offered the argument that children should be provided with maximum freedom and no
formal education prior to the age of reason at approximately age 12?
a. Rousseau
b. Plato
c. Aristotle
d. Locke
12. Which factor is the greatest obstacle to poor children's chances of successful development?
a. accumulation of various disadvantages
b. growing up in a single-parent home or without biological parents
c. lack of parental involvement in their schooling
d. genetic disadvantages
13. A method used to combine the results from independent studies to reach conclusions based on all of them is
referred to as:
a. meta-analysis.
b. factor analysis.
c. longitudinal design.
d. cross-sectional design.
14. A longitudinal design would be MOST useful for which research question?
a. Are older children better than younger children at playing hopscotch?
b. What are the similarities and differences in the TV-viewing habits of elementary school students and
junior high school students?
c. Do children who are empathetic preschoolers become empathetic teenagers?
d. How do children learn to solve jigsaw puzzles?
15. Research has determined that this brain area is involved in emotional reactions.
a. amygdala
b. hippocampus
c. hypothalamus
d. pons
16. How are scientific journals addressing the file-drawer problem and promoting transparency in research
methodology?
a. by using researchers to keep their methods confidential until after a study's completion
b. by conducting thorough reviews of research articles before submission
c. by encouraging preregistration, where researchers outline their planned methods before conducting
the study
d. by increasing the number of articles accepted, regardless of the significance of their results
Page 3
, Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 7e Siegler
17. Empathy refers to a:
a. method and approach in solving emotional issues.
b. term used in early childhood education to describe language activities.
c. stage in infant development relating to gross motor skills.
d. person's capacity to understand and share the feelings of another person.
18. A researcher is interested in thoroughly exploring 8-year-old Apurva's thoughts and feelings about living in
poverty. The researcher's BEST option for obtaining this information would be:
a. a clinical interview.
b. a structured interview.
c. naturalistic observation.
d. structured observation.
19. Which of these examples BEST represents a study that would be conducted by an epigenetics researcher?
a. Dr. Nguyen studied the impact of video games on a child's behavior.
b. Dr. Santos studied the impact of childhood trauma on adulthood health.
c. Dr. Patel studied the impact of early childhood education on later academic success.
d. Dr. Rossi studied the impact of social pressure on making risky decisions during adolescence.
20. The term "reliability" does NOT refer to the:
a. consistency of measurements.
b. similarity in results when a variable is measured at two different time points.
c. ability to generalize measurements.
d. level of agreement in observations by different observers.
21. Dr. Schmidt is studying the effectiveness of a new reading program on minority children who have
experienced an impoverished family background and low maternal involvement. She will separate children
into two groups: one that gets the new reading program and one that uses the current reading program. She
will also use random assignment to create her two groups. The groups created in this manner would NOT be
comparable with regard to which characteristic?
a. minority status
b. maternal involvement
c. family income level
d. paternal education level
22. _____ is a person's complete set of hereditary information.
a. Nurture
b. Epigenetics
c. Genome
d. Biology
Page 4
