FRESENIUS PCT NEW HIRE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
VERIFIED LATEST 2023-2024 GRADE A +
What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system in order
of urine flow? - CORRECT ANSWER >>(2) Kidneys, (2) ureters,
(1) bladder, (1) urethra.
Which of the functions of healthy kidneys are replaced by
dialysis? - CORRECT ANSWER >>Removal of waste products,
and Regulation of fluid balance
What is the function of renin? - CORRECT ANSWER >>Renin is
a hormone produced by the kidneys with important effects on the
regulation of blood pressure, and on sodium and potassium
balance
Erythropoietin - CORRECT ANSWER >>stimulates the bone
marrow to produce red blood cells (RBSc).
,Why must the kidney activate Vitamin D? - CORRECT ANSWER
>>The kidney converts Vitamin D to Calcitriol, its activated form.
This activated form of Vitamin D helps to maintain good bone
health by helping absorb calcium from foods eaten
What causes renal osteodystrophy (bone disease)? - CORRECT
ANSWER >>No longer produce calcitriol - the active form of
Vitamin D o Inadequate or lacking calcitriol causes
demineralization of the bone - bone begins to break down to
release the calcium needed for body functioning No longer
excrete excess phosphorus (PO4) o Phosphorus is found in most
foods and beverages o Increased PO4 levels cause further
calcium bone loss
What are the body fluid compartments? - CORRECT ANSWER
>>Intracellular-inside the cells • Extracellular-outside the cells •
Intravascular-inside the blood vessels • Interstitial-between the
cells
What is homeostasis? - CORRECT ANSWER >>Maintaining a
stable internal environment
, uremia - CORRECT ANSWER >>build up of waste
What is a semi-permeable membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER
>>A membrane made from protein, with small pores or holes.
Only certain molecules can fit through.
At what point during the hemodialysis treatment will diffusion
cease to occur? - CORRECT ANSWER >>Diffusion will continue
throughout the dialysis treatment until the concentration of each
electrolyte found in the patient's blood is equal to the electrolyte
concentration in the dialysate.
What is countercurrent flow? - CORRECT ANSWER >>Blood
and dialysate flow in opposite directions
What happens to diffusion when dialyzer fibers clot? - CORRECT
ANSWER >>Clotted fibers cause the permeability of the fiber to
be reduced or eliminated, causing a decrease in treatment
adequacy. As a result , diffusion does not occur as particles
cannot diffuse across the membrane.
What are the compartments of the dialyzer and what separates
them? - CORRECT ANSWER >>The blood compartment is
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
VERIFIED LATEST 2023-2024 GRADE A +
What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system in order
of urine flow? - CORRECT ANSWER >>(2) Kidneys, (2) ureters,
(1) bladder, (1) urethra.
Which of the functions of healthy kidneys are replaced by
dialysis? - CORRECT ANSWER >>Removal of waste products,
and Regulation of fluid balance
What is the function of renin? - CORRECT ANSWER >>Renin is
a hormone produced by the kidneys with important effects on the
regulation of blood pressure, and on sodium and potassium
balance
Erythropoietin - CORRECT ANSWER >>stimulates the bone
marrow to produce red blood cells (RBSc).
,Why must the kidney activate Vitamin D? - CORRECT ANSWER
>>The kidney converts Vitamin D to Calcitriol, its activated form.
This activated form of Vitamin D helps to maintain good bone
health by helping absorb calcium from foods eaten
What causes renal osteodystrophy (bone disease)? - CORRECT
ANSWER >>No longer produce calcitriol - the active form of
Vitamin D o Inadequate or lacking calcitriol causes
demineralization of the bone - bone begins to break down to
release the calcium needed for body functioning No longer
excrete excess phosphorus (PO4) o Phosphorus is found in most
foods and beverages o Increased PO4 levels cause further
calcium bone loss
What are the body fluid compartments? - CORRECT ANSWER
>>Intracellular-inside the cells • Extracellular-outside the cells •
Intravascular-inside the blood vessels • Interstitial-between the
cells
What is homeostasis? - CORRECT ANSWER >>Maintaining a
stable internal environment
, uremia - CORRECT ANSWER >>build up of waste
What is a semi-permeable membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER
>>A membrane made from protein, with small pores or holes.
Only certain molecules can fit through.
At what point during the hemodialysis treatment will diffusion
cease to occur? - CORRECT ANSWER >>Diffusion will continue
throughout the dialysis treatment until the concentration of each
electrolyte found in the patient's blood is equal to the electrolyte
concentration in the dialysate.
What is countercurrent flow? - CORRECT ANSWER >>Blood
and dialysate flow in opposite directions
What happens to diffusion when dialyzer fibers clot? - CORRECT
ANSWER >>Clotted fibers cause the permeability of the fiber to
be reduced or eliminated, causing a decrease in treatment
adequacy. As a result , diffusion does not occur as particles
cannot diffuse across the membrane.
What are the compartments of the dialyzer and what separates
them? - CORRECT ANSWER >>The blood compartment is
