NUR2063 Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 2 (Latest 2023 ) Rasmussen
What are the functions of the kidneys? - ANSWERRegulation of blood pressure; regulating blood osmolarity; removal of toxins; blood
filtration; activate vitamin D
What are the clinical manifestations of benign prostatic hypertrophy? - ANSWER dribbling; difficulty initiating urine stream; hesitancy; urinary retention, decreased stream
What substance controls the reabsorption of water from the collecting ducts? - ANSWERADH- Anti Diuretic Hormone
What is type 2 diabetes characterized as? - ANSWER
peripheral tissue insulin resistance
What are the clinical manifestations of Graves' disease? - ANSWER
Exophthalmos (bulging eyes), goiter, enlarge thyroid, heat intolerance, anxiety- hyperthyroidism
What processes occur during fasting? - ANSWER glucogenesis; glycogenesis
What type of tissue is accessed to promote energy production in type 1 diabetes? - ANSWERadipose/ fat
What are the clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism? - ANSWER
myxedema, fatigue, cold sensitivity, constipation, weight gain
What are the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism? - ANSWER
Goiter, fatigue, weight loss, infertility, memory loss, hair loss, muscle pain
What are the clinical manifestation of hyper para thyroidism? - ANSWER
fatigue, body aches, bone pain, depression, headaches, memory loss
What are the clinical manifestations of hypo para thyroidism? - ANSWER numbness, tetany, parathesis, muscle spasms
What are the clinical manifestations of ketoacidosis? - ANSWER
fruity breath, drowsiness, nausea, thirst, confusion, lethargy, vomiting
What mechanisms control hormone release and regulation? - ANSWER
negative feedback loop What hormones are released by the anterior pituitary gland? -
ANSWER Growth Hormone, prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone,
thyroid stimulating hormone, LH, ACTH and endorphins
What is diabetes insipidus? - ANSWER a disorder caused by
inadequate amounts of ADH which causes excessive water loss
clinical manifestations of diabetes insipidus - ANSWER
polyuria, nocturia, continuous thirst, and polydipsia
clinical manifestations of Cushings syndrome? - ANSWER Excessive
secretion of cortisol causes redistribution of fat, "moon face",
"buffalo" hump on the back and pendulous abdomen. -
Facial skin is flushed (high blood pressure), skin covering abdomen
develops stretch marks - •
ndividual bruises easily and wound healing is poor -
Approximately 1/2 develop mental status changes from irritability to severe psychiatric disturbance -
Females may experience changes due to increased androgen levels
clinical manifestations of secondary hypothyroidism - ANSWER
Weakness. - Fatigue. -
Cold intolerance. - Constipation. - Weight gain. - Depression. -
Joint or muscle pain. - Brittle fingernails.
clinical manifestations of primary hypothyroidism - ANSWER
fatigue. - lethargy. -
What are the functions of the kidneys? - ANSWERRegulation of blood pressure; regulating blood osmolarity; removal of toxins; blood
filtration; activate vitamin D
What are the clinical manifestations of benign prostatic hypertrophy? - ANSWER dribbling; difficulty initiating urine stream; hesitancy; urinary retention, decreased stream
What substance controls the reabsorption of water from the collecting ducts? - ANSWERADH- Anti Diuretic Hormone
What is type 2 diabetes characterized as? - ANSWER
peripheral tissue insulin resistance
What are the clinical manifestations of Graves' disease? - ANSWER
Exophthalmos (bulging eyes), goiter, enlarge thyroid, heat intolerance, anxiety- hyperthyroidism
What processes occur during fasting? - ANSWER glucogenesis; glycogenesis
What type of tissue is accessed to promote energy production in type 1 diabetes? - ANSWERadipose/ fat
What are the clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism? - ANSWER
myxedema, fatigue, cold sensitivity, constipation, weight gain
What are the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism? - ANSWER
Goiter, fatigue, weight loss, infertility, memory loss, hair loss, muscle pain
What are the clinical manifestation of hyper para thyroidism? - ANSWER
fatigue, body aches, bone pain, depression, headaches, memory loss
What are the clinical manifestations of hypo para thyroidism? - ANSWER numbness, tetany, parathesis, muscle spasms
What are the clinical manifestations of ketoacidosis? - ANSWER
fruity breath, drowsiness, nausea, thirst, confusion, lethargy, vomiting
What mechanisms control hormone release and regulation? - ANSWER
negative feedback loop What hormones are released by the anterior pituitary gland? -
ANSWER Growth Hormone, prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone,
thyroid stimulating hormone, LH, ACTH and endorphins
What is diabetes insipidus? - ANSWER a disorder caused by
inadequate amounts of ADH which causes excessive water loss
clinical manifestations of diabetes insipidus - ANSWER
polyuria, nocturia, continuous thirst, and polydipsia
clinical manifestations of Cushings syndrome? - ANSWER Excessive
secretion of cortisol causes redistribution of fat, "moon face",
"buffalo" hump on the back and pendulous abdomen. -
Facial skin is flushed (high blood pressure), skin covering abdomen
develops stretch marks - •
ndividual bruises easily and wound healing is poor -
Approximately 1/2 develop mental status changes from irritability to severe psychiatric disturbance -
Females may experience changes due to increased androgen levels
clinical manifestations of secondary hypothyroidism - ANSWER
Weakness. - Fatigue. -
Cold intolerance. - Constipation. - Weight gain. - Depression. -
Joint or muscle pain. - Brittle fingernails.
clinical manifestations of primary hypothyroidism - ANSWER
fatigue. - lethargy. -
