Microbiology Final Exam Questions and verified Answers 2024

Microbiology Final Exam Questions and verified Answers 2024 Redi Pasteur Spontaneous Generation :theory that life can arise from non-living matter Challenged by ______ and Disproved by __________ Pasteur ___________ experiment has two parts. 1st part: the broth in the flask was boiled to sterilize it. When this broth was cooled, it remained free of contamination. 2nd part: the flask was boiled and then the neck was broken off. The broth in this flask became contaminated. cells Robert All cells only come from other _______ *** Cells are the fundamental units of organisms Originated in 1665 by ***_________ Hooke's observation of cork (non-living material) spores Fracastoro - seed-like _______ may be transferred between individuals through direct contact, exposure to contaminated clothing, or through the air hands Semmelweis observed med students that completed autopsies and then completed vaginal exams on living patients without washing_______ led to higher mortality rates; led to hand washing by many cholera Snow observed _________ was transmitted via sewage contaminated drinking water Cytoplasm Plasma membrane Chromosome(s) Ribosome in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes _____________ - gel-like substance composed of water and chemicals needed for growth ___________ ____________- - lipid bilayer ________________ - carry genetic material ___________- - site of protein synthesis eukaryotes Which one prokaryotes or eukaryotes has membrane bound organelles? prokaryotic A pilus, fimbriae, inclusion, and plasmid only in _____________ cells. it has no nucleus. Nucleoid Ribosome Inclusion Plasmid Unique Characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells: -____________ - no nucleus; single, circular chromosome -___________ is smaller (70s) -___________ - storage site for phosphorus (ATP), sugar, etc. -____________ - extrachromosomal DNA to transmit genetic advantages Fimbriae Flagellum Pilus Cell wall Unique Characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells: -____________- appendage for attachment -_____________ - appendage for movement -__________ - appendage for DNA exchange -___________ _______ - peptidoglycan for structure Glycocalyx endospore Unique Characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells: -______________- sugar layer for protection -______________ - protect from environmental conditions peptidoglycan Major component of a prokaryotic cell wall is ___________ [sug-sug-sug] Gram positive Tetrapeptide chains are linked by pentaglycine[MANY] cross-bridges MORE THICKER --**Contain teichoic acids (TAs) --Increase rigidity --Enhance binding to surfaces Gram negative Tetrapeptides extend from each NAM to directly crosslink MORE THINNER. less pentaglycine -Extra outer membrane **Contains lipopolysaccharide capsule Slime layer sugar coating [Glycocalyx] ___________ organized layer; polysaccharide (sugar) + protein ____________ loosely attached to cell wall; polysaccharide (sugar + protein or lipid) which helps it stick monotrichous flagella one flagella Amphitrichous flagella flagella at both ends lophotrichious flagella tuft at one or both ends (cluster) peritrichious flagella flagella all over Counter clockwise clockwise Prokaryotic flagella __________ ___________ rotation - run; move forward ____________ rotation - tumble coccus round shape looks like this bacillus rod shape looks like this vibrio curved rod shape looks like this Spirullum spiral shaped looks like this