Maryville University Pharmacology
NURS- 615 Exam 2
Aminoglycosides block protein production and consist of which antibiotics? - ✔✔gentamicin, streptomycin, tobramycin
Anti-depressant that is to be used with caution in cardiac patients due to behaving like class 1 anti-arrythmics? -
✔✔TCAs
Are cephalosporins bactericidal or bacteriostatic? - ✔✔Bacteriocidal
Are PCNs bactericidal or bactriostatic? - ✔✔Bactericidal
Are sulfonamides bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic? - ✔✔Bacteriostatic
Are tetracyclines bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal? - ✔✔bacteriostatic
Are tetracyclines broad or narrow in spectruM? - ✔✔Broad and they have a lot of resistance issues
Benzodiazepines affect what neurotransmitter and how? - ✔✔Increases the effects of GABA
Can valproate (Depakote) be used during pregnancy? - ✔✔It is a known teratogen. If needed, must be used after 1st
trimester.
Do cephalosporins become more broad or narrow in spectrum as you go up in generation? - ✔✔More broad spectrum
Does Lithium have a broad or narrow therapeutic range? - ✔✔Narrow therapeutic range; toxicity may show nausea and
drowsiness
How and when is silver sulfadiazine used? - ✔✔Used for burns, but its usefulness is poor
How are acyclovir and valcyclovir metabolized? - ✔✔10% by the liver and 90% by the kidneys
How are sexual side effects linked to SSRIs? - ✔✔Sexual side effects may start after 1 month; especially common in
Paxil
How do anti-TB drugs work? - ✔✔They inhibit the formation of mycolic acids which are an important part of the cell wall
How do anti-virals (neuramidase inhibitors) work? - ✔✔These medications break the bond that attaches the viral particles
to the host cell and keeps them from replicating
How do anti-virals for HSV and VZV work? - ✔✔They block an enzyme that is essential in the production of new viruses
so they can't replicate
How do SSRIs work? - ✔✔They block the reuptake of serotonin at the synaptic cleft so there is more serotonin around
How do you discontinue an SSRI? - ✔✔Taper by reducing the dose by 50% for 3-4 days
How does antibiotic resistance occur? - ✔✔1. Natural by genetic mutations
2. Spontaneous by random mutations
3. Build up over time or by misuse of antibiotics
How does carbamazepine work? - ✔✔Works by decreasing nerve impulses that cause seizures and pain
,How does doxycline affect OCPs? - ✔✔Little evidence has shown that it does affect OCPs, but a second method of
protection should be used
How does ethambutol work as an anti-TB drug? - ✔✔It inhibits the sythesis of mycelic acids which is an important part of
the cell wall
How does Lithium act as a mood stabilizer? - ✔✔It replaces sodium during depolarization so it stops the transmission of
electrical impulses
How does phentermine work? - ✔✔Treats obesity by decreasing the hunger perception and releases NE an EPI which
breaks down stored fat = lose weight
How does pyrazinamide (PZA) act on bacteria? - ✔✔It is largely bacteriostatic, but can be bacteriocidal in actively
replicating bacteria
How is clarithromycin excreted? - ✔✔It is excreted by BOTH the liver and the kidneys so dose adjustments are not
required in patients with impaired liver function
How is the gram coverage in Cephalosporins? - ✔✔1st generation are gram positive and as you go up in generations,
you lose gram positive coverage and more gram negative
How is treatment with buspirone (Buspar) usually conducted? - ✔✔Can be combined with an SSRI to treat patients with
agitated or anxious depression
How long before starting a new antidepressant after MAOIs? - ✔✔At least 2 weeks to clear it from system
How long does it take for SSRIs to work? - ✔✔2-6 weeks; usually within 4 weeks; some symptoms may improve within 1
to 2 weeks
How long is treatment with phentermine? - ✔✔6 months; loses effects after that
How long should alcohol be avoided after metronidazole treatment? - ✔✔At least 48 hours
How often should carbamazepine lab values be monitored? What labs? - ✔✔CBC q 3-4 months
How should anti-virals be taken? - ✔✔With a full glass of water and lots of water during therapy; food slows absorption,
but doesn't affect it
How should ethambutol be used? - ✔✔Never should be used as monotherapy; used with INH, rifampin, or PZA
How should you educate parents with a child that has PCN-induced diarrhea? - ✔✔Keep taking the medication, increase
water intake, eat yogurt or take a probiotic
How should zolpidem (Ambien) be administered? - ✔✔Just before bed because it has a rapid onset
How would you describe fluoroquinolones? - ✔✔Bacteriocidal and BROAD spectrum
If there an an allergy to sulfonamides, which other drugs should be avoided because they are developed from the
sulfonamide drugs? - ✔✔Sulfonylureas, thiazide diuretics, loop diuretics
Important drug interaction and side effect with MAOIs? - ✔✔Avoid other serotonin drugs and watch for hypertensive crisis
Is rifampin bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic? - ✔✔Bacteriocidal
Is rifampin used in pregnancy? - ✔✔It is used in pregnancy for treatment of TB, but its safety is unknown
,Is vancomycine bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal? - ✔✔Bacteriocidal
Linezolid should not be given with what drugs due to risk of serotonin syndrome? - ✔✔SSRIs, Demerol, and MAOIs
Metronidazole inhibits liver metabolism of propylene glycol and should not be used with what? - ✔✔Meds like Miralax and
E-Cigs; could also cause disulfiram-like reaction
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) prophylaxis - ✔✔Not recommended for general population due to risk of resistance development
Other main effects of doxycycline: - ✔✔GI symptoms, lightheadedness, dizziness, rashes, SJS, TEN
Ototoxicity is a concern when using what medication and the medication must be stopped immediately? - ✔✔Gentamycin
(Aminoglycoside)
TCA side effects are mainly of what type? - ✔✔Anti-cholinergic
These antibiotics inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis or KILL bacteria. - ✔✔Bactericidal antibiotics
These antibiotics suppress bacterial growth and also rely on the immune system to remove the bacteria from the body. -
✔✔Bacteriostatic antibiotics
Vancomycin peak and trough levels: for who and why? - ✔✔Vancomycin is excreted unchanged by the kidneys; caution
in elderly and renal insufficiency patients
What anti-depressant may have sleep issues if taken at night? - ✔✔fluoxetine (Prozac) (SSRI)
What anti-seizure med auto induces metabolism? - ✔✔Carbamazepine
What anti-viral is used as prophylaxis and treatment for influenza A and B? - ✔✔oseltamivir (Tamiflu) (oral) and zanamivir
(Relenza) (inhaled)
What antibiotics are avoided in pregnancy and children? - ✔✔Tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones
What antibiotics block protein productioN? - ✔✔tetracyclines, macrolides, aminoglycosides, lincosamides
What antibiotics target or inhibit the cell wall? - ✔✔PCN, cephalosporins, vancomycin
What anxiolytic has the greatest risk for dependence and resistance? - ✔✔alprazolam (Xanax)
What anxiolytic is first line treatment for panic disorder? - ✔✔diazepam (Valium)
What are adverse effects of topiramate? - ✔✔Weight loss, high temperature, and inability to sweat
What are aminoglycosides typically reserved for? - ✔✔Severe infections
What are characteristics of serotonin syndrome? - ✔✔nausea, diarrhea, sweating, hyperthermia, myoclonic jerking,
tremor, agitation, disorientation, HTN, delirium, death
What are fluoroquinolones used for? - ✔✔Serious infections; hospital or community acquired infections
What are high tyramine foods and when are they contraindicated? - ✔✔Fermented foods; aged cheese, wine alcohol
Contraindicated with MAOI use
What are side effects of oseltamivir (Tamiflu)? - ✔✔Headache, N/V, CNS effects
,What are side effects of sulfonamides? - ✔✔Kernictus (think bilirubin an brain damage), urinary tract disorders,
hematopoietic disorders
What are some adverse effects of tetracyclines? - ✔✔Photosensitivity, tinnitus, drug induced hepatitis and lupus, and
interferes with methotrexate
What are the imidazole anti-fungals and when are they used? - ✔✔ticonazole (monistat-1), econazole (spectazole),
miconazole (ministat, lotrimin), clotrimazole
Used for vulvovaginal canadiasis, oropharyngeal canadiasis, and tinea infections
What are the liver effects associated with INH? - ✔✔Increase in liver enzymes that is usually harmless and an
uncommon effect of liver inflammation -- Liver function should be monitored in all people receiving therapy
What are the most common side effects of PZA? - ✔✔Increase in gout flares due to decreased renal excretion of uric
acid
Joint pains, but not so severe the patient has to stop
What are the side effects of terbinafine? - ✔✔MANY side effects; skin, GI, and liver toxicity (LFTs must be monitored)
What do "azole" anti-fungals require for absorption? - ✔✔ACID
What doe PCN-beta-lactame inhibitor combos do? - ✔✔They make the antibiotics stronger and more effective because
they work against the beta-lactamase enzyme that is trying to inactivate the antibiotic; they increase the spectrum of action
What does Linezolid do if used with Sudafed? - ✔✔Increases blood pressure
What does topiramate cause? - ✔✔Electrolyte imbalance -- hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
What happens if a patient who is taking doxycycline complains of headaches? - ✔✔Assess for pseudo tumor cerebri
What is a disulfiram-like reaction? - ✔✔N/V, flushing of skin, tachycardia, SOB
What is a first-line antidepressant in children? - ✔✔fluoxetine (Prozac)
What is a great risk of seizure potential while taking anti-seizure medications? - ✔✔Stopping the medication abruptly.
What is a main side effect of ethambutol? - ✔✔EYES - optic neuritis -- do not use in children under 6
Red/green color blindness, inform immediately as it could be permanent
What is a serious adverse effect of vancomycin? - ✔✔Red Man Syndrome
What is a side effect of erythromycin? - ✔✔GI distress (which is why it is used for ileus)
What is an adverse effect of rifampin? - ✔✔It turns tears, pee, saliva, and sweat red/orange in color
What is another main side effect of INH? - ✔✔Peripheral neuropathy (inflammation of nerves causing numbness in arms
and legs)
What is beta-lactamase? - ✔✔It is an enzyme that is produced by some bacteria that inactivates some antibiotics.
What is carbamazepine half-life? - ✔✔Single dose: 30 hours
Multiple dose: 15 hours
What is clindamycin used for? - ✔✔MRSA, gram positive
What is hypochlorhydria? - ✔✔A state in which production of hydrochloric acid in gastric secretions is low or absent
,What is important patient teaching for Lithium? - ✔✔Eat a diet with consistent levels of salt because the medication can
interfere with the cell sodium channels
What is important when taking phentermine? - ✔✔DO NOT take with SSRIs or St. John's wort because of increased risk
of serotonin syndrome
What is metronidazole used for? - ✔✔PID, endocarditis, bacterial vaginosis, giardiasis, trichomonad, amebiasis
What is rifampin used for and what type of antibiotic is it? - ✔✔Of the erythromycin group; used for TB, legionella, leprosy
What is special about buspirone (Buspar)? - ✔✔It has both anti-anxiety and anti-depressant effects.
What is sulfasalazine used for? - ✔✔RA, Crohn's, ulcerative colitis, inflammatory disorders
What is the black box warning for fluoroquinolones? - ✔✔Tendonitis and tendon rupture in all age groups; especially in
Achille's tendon
What is the black box warning for oral ketoconazole? - ✔✔It can causes severe liver injuries and adrenal gland problems
What is the drug of choice for the first episode of mild-moderate C. Diff? - ✔✔Metronidazole (Flagyl)
What is the first line treatment for prevention and treatment of TB and a POTENT bactericidal drug? - ✔✔Isonazid (INH)
What is the greatest risk of clindamycin? - ✔✔C. Diff
What is the mechanism of action of triazole anti-fungals? - ✔✔They inhibit a critical enzyme that causes a buildup of a
toxic substance, this causes the cell to leak out
What is the most common reported allergy and the most common cause of severe allergic drug reactions? - ✔✔PCN
What is the most dangerous side effect of PZA? - ✔✔Hepatotoxicity (dose-related); not possible to distinguish
PZA-induced hepatitis from hepatitis caused by INH and rifampin --> test dosing is required
What is the safest antibiotics in pregnancy and children? - ✔✔PCN and cephalosporins
What is the treatment of Lyme disease? - ✔✔Doxycycline 100mg PO BID for 21 days
What is vancomycin used for? - ✔✔MRSA
What lab values must be tested before long term treatment of rifampin? - ✔✔CBC and liver function studies
What lab values should be monitored during ketoconazole use? - ✔✔Liver function; many azoles are metabolized by the
CYP450 enzymes
What labs must be monitored prior to tx with anti-virals? - ✔✔BUN and creatinine
What medication affects Lamictal? - ✔✔OCPs decrease the effects of this drug, so the dose must be doubled
What medication decreases the production of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets? - ✔✔Carbamazepine
What medication does fluoroquinolones enhance the effects of? - ✔✔Warfarin; increases bleeding risk because it
interacts with the CYP450 system
What medication is a common cause of diarrhea in childreN? - ✔✔Amoxicillin
NURS- 615 Exam 2
Aminoglycosides block protein production and consist of which antibiotics? - ✔✔gentamicin, streptomycin, tobramycin
Anti-depressant that is to be used with caution in cardiac patients due to behaving like class 1 anti-arrythmics? -
✔✔TCAs
Are cephalosporins bactericidal or bacteriostatic? - ✔✔Bacteriocidal
Are PCNs bactericidal or bactriostatic? - ✔✔Bactericidal
Are sulfonamides bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic? - ✔✔Bacteriostatic
Are tetracyclines bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal? - ✔✔bacteriostatic
Are tetracyclines broad or narrow in spectruM? - ✔✔Broad and they have a lot of resistance issues
Benzodiazepines affect what neurotransmitter and how? - ✔✔Increases the effects of GABA
Can valproate (Depakote) be used during pregnancy? - ✔✔It is a known teratogen. If needed, must be used after 1st
trimester.
Do cephalosporins become more broad or narrow in spectrum as you go up in generation? - ✔✔More broad spectrum
Does Lithium have a broad or narrow therapeutic range? - ✔✔Narrow therapeutic range; toxicity may show nausea and
drowsiness
How and when is silver sulfadiazine used? - ✔✔Used for burns, but its usefulness is poor
How are acyclovir and valcyclovir metabolized? - ✔✔10% by the liver and 90% by the kidneys
How are sexual side effects linked to SSRIs? - ✔✔Sexual side effects may start after 1 month; especially common in
Paxil
How do anti-TB drugs work? - ✔✔They inhibit the formation of mycolic acids which are an important part of the cell wall
How do anti-virals (neuramidase inhibitors) work? - ✔✔These medications break the bond that attaches the viral particles
to the host cell and keeps them from replicating
How do anti-virals for HSV and VZV work? - ✔✔They block an enzyme that is essential in the production of new viruses
so they can't replicate
How do SSRIs work? - ✔✔They block the reuptake of serotonin at the synaptic cleft so there is more serotonin around
How do you discontinue an SSRI? - ✔✔Taper by reducing the dose by 50% for 3-4 days
How does antibiotic resistance occur? - ✔✔1. Natural by genetic mutations
2. Spontaneous by random mutations
3. Build up over time or by misuse of antibiotics
How does carbamazepine work? - ✔✔Works by decreasing nerve impulses that cause seizures and pain
,How does doxycline affect OCPs? - ✔✔Little evidence has shown that it does affect OCPs, but a second method of
protection should be used
How does ethambutol work as an anti-TB drug? - ✔✔It inhibits the sythesis of mycelic acids which is an important part of
the cell wall
How does Lithium act as a mood stabilizer? - ✔✔It replaces sodium during depolarization so it stops the transmission of
electrical impulses
How does phentermine work? - ✔✔Treats obesity by decreasing the hunger perception and releases NE an EPI which
breaks down stored fat = lose weight
How does pyrazinamide (PZA) act on bacteria? - ✔✔It is largely bacteriostatic, but can be bacteriocidal in actively
replicating bacteria
How is clarithromycin excreted? - ✔✔It is excreted by BOTH the liver and the kidneys so dose adjustments are not
required in patients with impaired liver function
How is the gram coverage in Cephalosporins? - ✔✔1st generation are gram positive and as you go up in generations,
you lose gram positive coverage and more gram negative
How is treatment with buspirone (Buspar) usually conducted? - ✔✔Can be combined with an SSRI to treat patients with
agitated or anxious depression
How long before starting a new antidepressant after MAOIs? - ✔✔At least 2 weeks to clear it from system
How long does it take for SSRIs to work? - ✔✔2-6 weeks; usually within 4 weeks; some symptoms may improve within 1
to 2 weeks
How long is treatment with phentermine? - ✔✔6 months; loses effects after that
How long should alcohol be avoided after metronidazole treatment? - ✔✔At least 48 hours
How often should carbamazepine lab values be monitored? What labs? - ✔✔CBC q 3-4 months
How should anti-virals be taken? - ✔✔With a full glass of water and lots of water during therapy; food slows absorption,
but doesn't affect it
How should ethambutol be used? - ✔✔Never should be used as monotherapy; used with INH, rifampin, or PZA
How should you educate parents with a child that has PCN-induced diarrhea? - ✔✔Keep taking the medication, increase
water intake, eat yogurt or take a probiotic
How should zolpidem (Ambien) be administered? - ✔✔Just before bed because it has a rapid onset
How would you describe fluoroquinolones? - ✔✔Bacteriocidal and BROAD spectrum
If there an an allergy to sulfonamides, which other drugs should be avoided because they are developed from the
sulfonamide drugs? - ✔✔Sulfonylureas, thiazide diuretics, loop diuretics
Important drug interaction and side effect with MAOIs? - ✔✔Avoid other serotonin drugs and watch for hypertensive crisis
Is rifampin bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic? - ✔✔Bacteriocidal
Is rifampin used in pregnancy? - ✔✔It is used in pregnancy for treatment of TB, but its safety is unknown
,Is vancomycine bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal? - ✔✔Bacteriocidal
Linezolid should not be given with what drugs due to risk of serotonin syndrome? - ✔✔SSRIs, Demerol, and MAOIs
Metronidazole inhibits liver metabolism of propylene glycol and should not be used with what? - ✔✔Meds like Miralax and
E-Cigs; could also cause disulfiram-like reaction
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) prophylaxis - ✔✔Not recommended for general population due to risk of resistance development
Other main effects of doxycycline: - ✔✔GI symptoms, lightheadedness, dizziness, rashes, SJS, TEN
Ototoxicity is a concern when using what medication and the medication must be stopped immediately? - ✔✔Gentamycin
(Aminoglycoside)
TCA side effects are mainly of what type? - ✔✔Anti-cholinergic
These antibiotics inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis or KILL bacteria. - ✔✔Bactericidal antibiotics
These antibiotics suppress bacterial growth and also rely on the immune system to remove the bacteria from the body. -
✔✔Bacteriostatic antibiotics
Vancomycin peak and trough levels: for who and why? - ✔✔Vancomycin is excreted unchanged by the kidneys; caution
in elderly and renal insufficiency patients
What anti-depressant may have sleep issues if taken at night? - ✔✔fluoxetine (Prozac) (SSRI)
What anti-seizure med auto induces metabolism? - ✔✔Carbamazepine
What anti-viral is used as prophylaxis and treatment for influenza A and B? - ✔✔oseltamivir (Tamiflu) (oral) and zanamivir
(Relenza) (inhaled)
What antibiotics are avoided in pregnancy and children? - ✔✔Tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones
What antibiotics block protein productioN? - ✔✔tetracyclines, macrolides, aminoglycosides, lincosamides
What antibiotics target or inhibit the cell wall? - ✔✔PCN, cephalosporins, vancomycin
What anxiolytic has the greatest risk for dependence and resistance? - ✔✔alprazolam (Xanax)
What anxiolytic is first line treatment for panic disorder? - ✔✔diazepam (Valium)
What are adverse effects of topiramate? - ✔✔Weight loss, high temperature, and inability to sweat
What are aminoglycosides typically reserved for? - ✔✔Severe infections
What are characteristics of serotonin syndrome? - ✔✔nausea, diarrhea, sweating, hyperthermia, myoclonic jerking,
tremor, agitation, disorientation, HTN, delirium, death
What are fluoroquinolones used for? - ✔✔Serious infections; hospital or community acquired infections
What are high tyramine foods and when are they contraindicated? - ✔✔Fermented foods; aged cheese, wine alcohol
Contraindicated with MAOI use
What are side effects of oseltamivir (Tamiflu)? - ✔✔Headache, N/V, CNS effects
,What are side effects of sulfonamides? - ✔✔Kernictus (think bilirubin an brain damage), urinary tract disorders,
hematopoietic disorders
What are some adverse effects of tetracyclines? - ✔✔Photosensitivity, tinnitus, drug induced hepatitis and lupus, and
interferes with methotrexate
What are the imidazole anti-fungals and when are they used? - ✔✔ticonazole (monistat-1), econazole (spectazole),
miconazole (ministat, lotrimin), clotrimazole
Used for vulvovaginal canadiasis, oropharyngeal canadiasis, and tinea infections
What are the liver effects associated with INH? - ✔✔Increase in liver enzymes that is usually harmless and an
uncommon effect of liver inflammation -- Liver function should be monitored in all people receiving therapy
What are the most common side effects of PZA? - ✔✔Increase in gout flares due to decreased renal excretion of uric
acid
Joint pains, but not so severe the patient has to stop
What are the side effects of terbinafine? - ✔✔MANY side effects; skin, GI, and liver toxicity (LFTs must be monitored)
What do "azole" anti-fungals require for absorption? - ✔✔ACID
What doe PCN-beta-lactame inhibitor combos do? - ✔✔They make the antibiotics stronger and more effective because
they work against the beta-lactamase enzyme that is trying to inactivate the antibiotic; they increase the spectrum of action
What does Linezolid do if used with Sudafed? - ✔✔Increases blood pressure
What does topiramate cause? - ✔✔Electrolyte imbalance -- hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
What happens if a patient who is taking doxycycline complains of headaches? - ✔✔Assess for pseudo tumor cerebri
What is a disulfiram-like reaction? - ✔✔N/V, flushing of skin, tachycardia, SOB
What is a first-line antidepressant in children? - ✔✔fluoxetine (Prozac)
What is a great risk of seizure potential while taking anti-seizure medications? - ✔✔Stopping the medication abruptly.
What is a main side effect of ethambutol? - ✔✔EYES - optic neuritis -- do not use in children under 6
Red/green color blindness, inform immediately as it could be permanent
What is a serious adverse effect of vancomycin? - ✔✔Red Man Syndrome
What is a side effect of erythromycin? - ✔✔GI distress (which is why it is used for ileus)
What is an adverse effect of rifampin? - ✔✔It turns tears, pee, saliva, and sweat red/orange in color
What is another main side effect of INH? - ✔✔Peripheral neuropathy (inflammation of nerves causing numbness in arms
and legs)
What is beta-lactamase? - ✔✔It is an enzyme that is produced by some bacteria that inactivates some antibiotics.
What is carbamazepine half-life? - ✔✔Single dose: 30 hours
Multiple dose: 15 hours
What is clindamycin used for? - ✔✔MRSA, gram positive
What is hypochlorhydria? - ✔✔A state in which production of hydrochloric acid in gastric secretions is low or absent
,What is important patient teaching for Lithium? - ✔✔Eat a diet with consistent levels of salt because the medication can
interfere with the cell sodium channels
What is important when taking phentermine? - ✔✔DO NOT take with SSRIs or St. John's wort because of increased risk
of serotonin syndrome
What is metronidazole used for? - ✔✔PID, endocarditis, bacterial vaginosis, giardiasis, trichomonad, amebiasis
What is rifampin used for and what type of antibiotic is it? - ✔✔Of the erythromycin group; used for TB, legionella, leprosy
What is special about buspirone (Buspar)? - ✔✔It has both anti-anxiety and anti-depressant effects.
What is sulfasalazine used for? - ✔✔RA, Crohn's, ulcerative colitis, inflammatory disorders
What is the black box warning for fluoroquinolones? - ✔✔Tendonitis and tendon rupture in all age groups; especially in
Achille's tendon
What is the black box warning for oral ketoconazole? - ✔✔It can causes severe liver injuries and adrenal gland problems
What is the drug of choice for the first episode of mild-moderate C. Diff? - ✔✔Metronidazole (Flagyl)
What is the first line treatment for prevention and treatment of TB and a POTENT bactericidal drug? - ✔✔Isonazid (INH)
What is the greatest risk of clindamycin? - ✔✔C. Diff
What is the mechanism of action of triazole anti-fungals? - ✔✔They inhibit a critical enzyme that causes a buildup of a
toxic substance, this causes the cell to leak out
What is the most common reported allergy and the most common cause of severe allergic drug reactions? - ✔✔PCN
What is the most dangerous side effect of PZA? - ✔✔Hepatotoxicity (dose-related); not possible to distinguish
PZA-induced hepatitis from hepatitis caused by INH and rifampin --> test dosing is required
What is the safest antibiotics in pregnancy and children? - ✔✔PCN and cephalosporins
What is the treatment of Lyme disease? - ✔✔Doxycycline 100mg PO BID for 21 days
What is vancomycin used for? - ✔✔MRSA
What lab values must be tested before long term treatment of rifampin? - ✔✔CBC and liver function studies
What lab values should be monitored during ketoconazole use? - ✔✔Liver function; many azoles are metabolized by the
CYP450 enzymes
What labs must be monitored prior to tx with anti-virals? - ✔✔BUN and creatinine
What medication affects Lamictal? - ✔✔OCPs decrease the effects of this drug, so the dose must be doubled
What medication decreases the production of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets? - ✔✔Carbamazepine
What medication does fluoroquinolones enhance the effects of? - ✔✔Warfarin; increases bleeding risk because it
interacts with the CYP450 system
What medication is a common cause of diarrhea in childreN? - ✔✔Amoxicillin
