nurs 1014 midterm 2 questions with complete
solutions
Heart position Correct Answer-right side is anterior and left side is
posterior
Pericardium Correct Answer-tough, fibrous, double-walled sac that
surrounds and protects the heart. It also provides smooth friction-free
movement of the heart muscle
Myocardium Correct Answer-muscular of the heart, does the pumping
Endocardium Correct Answer-the thin layer of endothelial tissue that
lines the inner surface of the heart chambers and valves
Atrioventricular (AV) valves Correct Answer-separate atria and
ventricles, tricuspid on the right, mitral on the left
Semilunar valves Correct Answer-pulmonic valve on the right side and
aortic on the left
Direction of bloodflow Correct Answer--enters via inferior/superior
vena cava -right atrium -tricuspid valve -right ventricle -pulmonic valve
-pulmonary artery -lungs-pulmonary veins -left atrium -mitral valve -left
ventricle -aortic valve -aorta
,Cardiac cycle Correct Answer-rhythmic movement of blood flow
through the heart
2 phases of the cardiac cycle Correct Answer-systole & diastole
Diastole Correct Answer-ventricles relax and fill with blood (⅔ of the
cardiac cycle), AV valves are open
Systole Correct Answer-hearts contraction (⅓ of cycle), AV valves are
closed
Isometric contraction Correct Answer-all 4 heart valves are closed and
the ventricles relax
S1 Correct Answer-occurs with closure of the AV valves, loudest at the
apex, start of systole or "lub"
M1 and T1 Correct Answer-mitral and tricupid component, sound is
usually fused
S2 Correct Answer-occurs with the closure of the semilunar valves,
loudest at the base (end of systole)
A2 and P2 Correct Answer-aortic and pulmonic components, this sound
is usually fused
, S3 Correct Answer-vibrations of ventricular filling, occurs immediately
after S2
S4 Correct Answer-vibrations of the atria contract, occurs immediately
before S1
Murmurs Correct Answer-sounds like noisy water flow created by a pile
of stones. Gentle, blowing, swooshing sound that can be heard on the
chest wall
Causes of murmurs Correct Answer--increased velocity of blood flow -a
decreased velocity of blood flow -structural defects in valves
Characteristics of sound Correct Answer-1.frequency(pitch), all are low-
ferquency sounds 2.intensity(loudness), loud or soft 3.duration, very
short for heart sounds, silent periods are longer 4.timing, systole or
diastole
ECG-electrocardiogram Correct Answer--the electrical impulse
stimulates the heart to do its work -a small amount of electricity spreads
to the body surface, where it can be measured and recorded on the
electrocardiogram
ECG waves Correct Answer-PQRST
solutions
Heart position Correct Answer-right side is anterior and left side is
posterior
Pericardium Correct Answer-tough, fibrous, double-walled sac that
surrounds and protects the heart. It also provides smooth friction-free
movement of the heart muscle
Myocardium Correct Answer-muscular of the heart, does the pumping
Endocardium Correct Answer-the thin layer of endothelial tissue that
lines the inner surface of the heart chambers and valves
Atrioventricular (AV) valves Correct Answer-separate atria and
ventricles, tricuspid on the right, mitral on the left
Semilunar valves Correct Answer-pulmonic valve on the right side and
aortic on the left
Direction of bloodflow Correct Answer--enters via inferior/superior
vena cava -right atrium -tricuspid valve -right ventricle -pulmonic valve
-pulmonary artery -lungs-pulmonary veins -left atrium -mitral valve -left
ventricle -aortic valve -aorta
,Cardiac cycle Correct Answer-rhythmic movement of blood flow
through the heart
2 phases of the cardiac cycle Correct Answer-systole & diastole
Diastole Correct Answer-ventricles relax and fill with blood (⅔ of the
cardiac cycle), AV valves are open
Systole Correct Answer-hearts contraction (⅓ of cycle), AV valves are
closed
Isometric contraction Correct Answer-all 4 heart valves are closed and
the ventricles relax
S1 Correct Answer-occurs with closure of the AV valves, loudest at the
apex, start of systole or "lub"
M1 and T1 Correct Answer-mitral and tricupid component, sound is
usually fused
S2 Correct Answer-occurs with the closure of the semilunar valves,
loudest at the base (end of systole)
A2 and P2 Correct Answer-aortic and pulmonic components, this sound
is usually fused
, S3 Correct Answer-vibrations of ventricular filling, occurs immediately
after S2
S4 Correct Answer-vibrations of the atria contract, occurs immediately
before S1
Murmurs Correct Answer-sounds like noisy water flow created by a pile
of stones. Gentle, blowing, swooshing sound that can be heard on the
chest wall
Causes of murmurs Correct Answer--increased velocity of blood flow -a
decreased velocity of blood flow -structural defects in valves
Characteristics of sound Correct Answer-1.frequency(pitch), all are low-
ferquency sounds 2.intensity(loudness), loud or soft 3.duration, very
short for heart sounds, silent periods are longer 4.timing, systole or
diastole
ECG-electrocardiogram Correct Answer--the electrical impulse
stimulates the heart to do its work -a small amount of electricity spreads
to the body surface, where it can be measured and recorded on the
electrocardiogram
ECG waves Correct Answer-PQRST
