Human Physiology borrowed exam with correct Question and Answers 2025

Human Physiology borrowed exam with correct Question and Answers 2025 Physiology integration of anatomy, biology, chemistry and physics Equation 1 ATP <-> ADP + Pi + energy Equation 2 Glucose + O2 + ADP + Pi <-> ATP + CO2 + H2O + heat Equation 3 CO2 + H2O <-> HCO3- + H+ creates a PH issue Equation 4 PV = nRT pressure, volume, n = amount of substance, R = gas constant and T = temperature Homeostasis Relatively stable maintenance of a body parameter -> dynamic constancy Homeostatic control system purpose is to keep parameter at set point Set point appropriate range... body temp is ~98.6 F Steady state Parameter at set point. System NOT changing but energy is used therefore not equilibrium Negative feedback opposite of disturbance direction... return toward SS positive feedback continue in disturbance direction... move further from SS Feedforward limits the degree of feedback required therefore SAVES ENERGY Biorhythms use FF and are triggered by internal clocks NOT the environment Adaptation genetic change, set up for survival acclimatization not changing genetics but changing set point, clock reset based on environment developmental acclimatization non-reversible acclimatization Reflex arc stimulus -> receptor -> afferent pathway -> integrating center -> effer