Biomolecules
, Carbohydrates
• Synthesized by plants using sunlight to
convert CO2 and H2O to glucose and O2.
• Polymers include starch and cellulose.
• Starch is a storage unit for solar energy.
• Most sugars have formula Cn(H2O)n, “hydrate
of carbon.”
Chapter 23 2
, Classification of Carbohydrates
• Monosaccharides or simple sugars:
– polyhydroxyaldehydes or aldoses
– polyhydroxyketones or ketoses
• Disaccharides can be hydrolyzed to two
monosaccharides.
• Polysaccharides hydrolyze to many
monosaccharide units. For example, starch
and cellulose have > 1000 glucose units.
Chapter 23 3
, Monosaccharides
• Classified using three criteria:
– If it contains a ketone or an aldehyde group.
– Number of carbons in the chain.
– Configuration of the asymmetric carbon farthest from the
carbonyl group.
Chapter 23 4
, Carbohydrates
• Synthesized by plants using sunlight to
convert CO2 and H2O to glucose and O2.
• Polymers include starch and cellulose.
• Starch is a storage unit for solar energy.
• Most sugars have formula Cn(H2O)n, “hydrate
of carbon.”
Chapter 23 2
, Classification of Carbohydrates
• Monosaccharides or simple sugars:
– polyhydroxyaldehydes or aldoses
– polyhydroxyketones or ketoses
• Disaccharides can be hydrolyzed to two
monosaccharides.
• Polysaccharides hydrolyze to many
monosaccharide units. For example, starch
and cellulose have > 1000 glucose units.
Chapter 23 3
, Monosaccharides
• Classified using three criteria:
– If it contains a ketone or an aldehyde group.
– Number of carbons in the chain.
– Configuration of the asymmetric carbon farthest from the
carbonyl group.
Chapter 23 4
