NPS Exam Review 2023/2024 A+

NPS Exam Review 2023/2024 A+ What are the four critical life functions listed in order of priority? - CORRECT ANS-1. Ventilation - inhale O2, exhale CO2 2. Oxygenation - getting O2 into the blood 3. Circulation - heart beating to move blood around to get O2 to all parts of body 4. Perfusion - blood pressure; pressures to perfuse tissue to deliver oxygen to body cells What is the first step in patient assessment? - CORRECT ANS-Check the chart What would be the next steps in patient assessment? - CORRECT ANS-History and Physical Exam and check radiographs Which of the four critical life functions are the first priority? - CORRECT ANS-Ventilation What is the definition of an emergency? - CORRECT ANS-When one or more of the life functions are being threatened. What assessments would measure how well a patient is ventilating? - CORRECT ANS-RR, breath sounds, tidal volume, chest movement; vital signs How would you know that a patient is having a problem with oxygenation? - CORRECT ANS-HEART RATE! This is the first thing to change if you're not oxygenating. Color, sensorium How will you know if a patient is circulating? - CORRECT ANS-what kind of pulse, capillary refill, cardiac output What is the main parameter to know if someone is perfusing? - CORRECT ANS-blood pressure What other ways can perfusion be measured? - CORRECT ANS-temperature, sensorium, urine output What is the most common life function problem? - CORRECT ANS-oxygenation What is the first drug given to everybody? - CORRECT ANS-oxygen What items should be reviewed in a patient's chart before giving respiratory therapy treatments? - CORRECT ANS-everything What is the age of a fetus neonate, infant, child, adolescent? - CORRECT ANS-Fetus = Before birth Neonate = 0-1 month Infant = 1 month to 1 year Child = 1 year to puberty Adolescent = puberty to adult What are the most important electrolytes and what is their function? - CORRECT ANS-sodium, chloride, potassium What is the normal neonatal electrolyte value for sodium, chloride, and potassium? - CORRECT ANSSodium = 133-149 mEq/L Chloride = 87-114 mEq/L Potassium = 5.3-6.4 mEq/L What is the normal urine output level for an infant? - CORRECT ANS-2 mL/kg per hour What values are included in the CBC and what are the normal values? - CORRECT ANS-RBC = 4.1-5.7 mm3 WBC = 6,800-14,300 mm3 (neonates may have a higher normal WBC) Hematocrit = 37.4-56.1% Hemoglobin = 12.7-18.6 g/dL low on RBC = low on hemoglobin = oxygenation affected RBC x 3 = hemoglobin Hemoglobin x 3 = hematocrit (know this) What is the normal type of hemoglobin? - CORRECT ANS-Hemoglobin A What is a Coomb's test? - CORRECT ANS-incomapatabilty; RH Factor; give Rogham What does bilirubin help to evaluate? - CORRECT ANS-peaks during pregnancy, after delivery rises after few days and then falls; if baby jaundice = bilirubin problem What is the normal value for bilirubin for a full term infant at birth? - CORRECT ANS-4-5 mg/dL at birth How is hyper bilirubin treated? - CORRECT ANS-phototherapy What is the normal glucose level for a term infant? - CORRECT ANS-55-115 mg/dL What is the most common cause of hyperglycemia in the newborn? - CORRECT ANS-infection or sepsis What are 3 causes of hypoglycemia in the newborn? - CORRECT ANS-happens when mom is diabetic; prematurity, hypothermia, shock, sepsis What procedure is required to obtain fluid for L/S ratio measurement? - CORRECT ANS-amniocentesis; very invasive What is the significance of an L/S Ratio of 1:1? - CORRECT ANS-Anything less than 2:1 = not mature lungs = increased risk for RDS How long does it take to get the results of the Shake Test? - CORRECT ANS-15 minutes What is the significance of the presence of bubbles in the Shake Test Fluid? - CORRECT ANS-presence of mature surfactant What information is obtained from evaluation of PG and PC levels? - CORRECT ANS-lung maturity levels PG is best and most reliable indicator of lung maturity What factors in the maternal history would indicate a high risk pregnancy? - CORRECT ANS-current age - less than 16 or older than 40; prenatal care; smoking; caffeine; fetal alcohol syndrome; nutrition; diabetes; how many previous live births What size of babies will diabetic mothers deliver? - CORRECT ANS-Big babies; they look full term, but they aren't What is the significance of a Group B Strep Infection in the mother? - CORRECT ANS-Can pass right on to baby during delivery. Baby will be in distress. Define Para. - CORRECT ANS-Number of pregnancies resulting in live birth Define Gravida. - CORRECT ANS-Number of pregnancies What is the difference between pre-eclampsia and eclampsia and when does this occur? - CORRECT ANS-Pre-eclampsia = high blood pressure; pregnancy induced hypertension; protein in urine Full Eclampsia = high blood pressure resulting in seizures or coma Occurs when mother has hypertension; mag sulfate is used to lower blood pressure, rest, diet, salt restrictions Why are C-sections done and why is the infant at greater risk with this type of delivery? - CORRECT ANSIf mom is high risk, General Anesthesia can cause fetal depression What drugs are used to induce labor and when we would induce labor? - CORRECT ANS-Pitocin or oxytocin; used when mother has hypertension What is the action of a tocolytic agent and what are the 2 most commonly used? - CORRECT ANS-Inhibits contractions mag sulfate = anti-convulsant tributaline = beta sympathomimemtic - relaxes smooth muscle Describe the 4 different types of fetal presentations - CORRECT ANS-Normal Breech Assisted Delivery C-Section Describe the 3 types of decelerations that can occur during fetal heart rate monitoring. - CORRECT ANSEarly or Normal