BIOLOGY 120 LAB EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A+

(ROY G BIV) stands for - red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet Different wavelengths of light equal different colors of the rainbow. Animal Cell - - No Cell Wall - Round shape - has centriole/aster -No Chloroplast base pairing - the nearly perfect fit DNA between A-T and G-C nucleotide in RNA pairing is A-U and G-C cell theory - Proposed by schleiden and Schwann, all living things (both plant and animals) are made of one or more cells. and all living things come from pre-existing cells. Chloroplast - where photosynthesis takes place Chromotography - a process which separates color pigments in a mixture Ctyoplasm - the fluid-filled region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane DNA replication - The process in which DNA makes a duplicate copy of itself. Double Helix - two strands of nucleotide wound about each other; structure of DNA Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - The transportation system of the cell. It moves materials around the cellEukaryotic cells (Plant) - These cells tend to be larger than bacteria, have specialized packaging and transport mechanisms that are necessary to support larger size. *Have nucleus and organelles* Fredrich Miescher - Discovered a new chemical component of the cell called Nucleic Acid Golgi Bodies - The cells "Packaging Plant" Microfilaments - The cells "Muscle" Microtubules - the cells "skeleton" Mitochondria - Powerhouse of the cell Nucleotides - Basic units of DNA molecule, composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and one of 4 DNA bases. Nucleic acid chains are made from sub units called nucleotide. Nucleus - Control center of the cell. Contains DNA. -Nuclear envelope - Nucleoplasm -nucleolus -Chromatin Photosynthesis - Conversion of light energy from the SUN into chemical energy (FOOD/SUGAR) in the chlorophyll Photosynthesis equation - CO2 + H2O --> C6H12O6 + O2 Carbon Dioxide + Water = Glucose sugar and Oxygen. plant cell - -contains a cell wall- chloroplast - large vacuole - Rectangle shape - photosynthesis - Cell Wall prokaryotic cell (Bacteria) - Simple structured with NO recognizable organelles, do have a cell wall that gives them shape. - Only in Bacteria -No Nucleus (DNA not enclosed) -smallest and simplest cells -No organelles Ribosomes - Makes proteins "Protein Factory" Transcription - DNA to RNA; happens in nucleus Translation - Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein synthesis occurs Two forms of Nucleic Acid - DNA and RNA Vacuoles - "cells storehouse" Wavelength absorption - photosynthesis depends on the RED and BLUE colors. DOES NOT USE green and yellow. What is a cell? - The basic unit of all living things.