NUR 401: Week 1 Questions with 100% Correct Answers

Three Ways in which Metastatic Cancer spreads? Correct Answer 1. Lymphatic 2. Hematogenous 3. Angiogenesis. Cancer is the ? Correct Answer Uncontrolled growth of cells that does not follow physiological demands. Atrophy Correct Answer Decrease in Cell size. Reduced tissue mass Ex: limb immobilization due to cast. Hypertrophy Correct Answer Increased cell size, resulting in enlarged mass. Ex: Enlarged heart muscle due to increased demand on heart. Hyperplasia Correct Answer Increased number of cells. Resulting in enlarged tissue mass. Often goes hand-in-hand with Hypertrophy. Can be compensatory to meet increased demands, or pathological when there are hormonal imbalances. Ex: Uterine Enlargement during pregnancy Metaplasia Correct Answer when one mature cell type is replaces by a different one, can result from an adaptive mechanism Ex: Stratified squamous epithelium replaces ciliated columnar epithelium. Dysplasia Correct Answer a change in the shape of a cell. Can be from chronic irritation or infection, or can be pre-cancerous Ex: Pap smear routine screenings. Anaplasia Correct Answer associated with malignancy or cancer. Basis of grading a tumor. When cells are undifferentiated and have variable nuclei and cell structure. Neoplasm Correct Answer new growth. Commonly called a tumor. Can be benign or malignant. Malignant neoplasms are cancer. Benign not always serious because they usually do not spread. Carcinogenesis Correct Answer process in which normal cells are transformed into cancerous cells. Risk factors for cancer Correct Answer Viruses and bacterias Physical: sunlight, radiation, chronic irritation Chemical: Tobacco, Asbestos Genetic and familial factors Age, Diet Hormones Immune system Warning signs of Cancer Correct Answer C: Change in bowel or bladder habits