NUR 325 Exam 1 ASU Questions And Answers With Real Tests

"off-label" - the use of drugs for unapproved indication or in an unapproved age group, dosage, or route of administration 1st pass effect - some of the drugs when passed though the liver may deactivate —> reduces effect of drugs acute pain - protective, temporary, self limiting, direct cause, and resolves with tissue healing, see changes in vital signs additive interaction - medicines work together in a positive way (same effect x2) adverse reactions - a list of possible unpleasant or dangerous secondary effects other than the desired effect antagonistic effect - one drug interferes with the action of another appropriate patient interaction/care for client with Alzheimer's - be patient, figure out where they are cognitively, simple instructions, talk slower and calmly bioavailability - amount of oral drug after passing through the liver biotransformation - when a drug is chemically altered during metabolism brand name - commercial name, capitalized breakthrough pain - temporary flare-up of moderate to severe pain that occurs even when the patient is taking around-the-clock medication for persistent painchronic pain - not protective, ongoing or frequently occurs, lasts longer than 6 months, persists beyond tissue healing client/family teachings related to alzheimer's - -what the progression of the disease is like (progressive) -how the patient can't control their outbursts -safety (wandering, infections, UTI) -sundowning (no napping, no caffeine, routines, dark room to sleep) clinical manifestations of anaphylactic shock - swelling of eyes, mouth, face, and throat, difficultly breathing, wheezing, rapid HR, extremely low BP, eventually cardiac arrest cognitive impairment - any characteristic that acts as a barrier to the cognition process -Ex) delirium, neurocognitive disorders, focal cognitive disorders, intellectual disabilities, learning disabilities, cognitive impairment not dementia Contraindications - drugs the provider should NOT prescribe because they have potential to cause serious or life-threatening adverse effects cumulative effect - When the body cannot completely metabolize and excrete one drug dose before next dose is given Define the concept of stress - Stress and coping is a continual process that starts with an event that is experienced by the individual, perceived through intact information processing channels, appraised for scope and meaning, assessed as neutral, manageable, or threatening within current capacity of coping skills, resources and abilities, ending ideally in a positive outcome of homeostasis and feeling of well being. describe the concept of pain - pain is complex, multidimensional experience, with physiologic, affective, cognition, behavioral, and sociocultural dimensions that occurs in many patients and in all settinsgdrug tolerance - body decreased response to a drug over a period of time or repeated use drug toxicity - excessive doses result in negative physiologic effects (can be irreversible) may lead to OVERDOSE duration - time the drug lasts without additional doses effects of untreated pain - fear, anger, depression, anxiety, difficulty maintaining relationships generic name - not capitalized, less expensive half life - time it takes for a drug that enters the body to decrease in half Metabolism (biotransformation) - The biochemical alteration of a drug into an inactive metabolite, a more soluble compound, a more potent active metabolite, or a less active metabolite most severe adverse reaction - anaphylactic shock neuropathic pain - abnormal processing of pain message; burning, shooting in nature nociceptive pain - damage to somatic or visceral tissue; most common type of pain; aching, throbbing, cramping Non-pharmacological interventions for stress management - -exercise -therapeutic lifestyle change -music therapy -relaxation strategies -social supportNursing and collaborative interventions to effectively manage pain - -schedule pain interventions as needed -be proactive (less medication to prevent pain than to treat pain) -instruct clients to report recurring pain -help client reduce fear and anxiety -treatment plan this includes both non-pharmacological and pharmacological measures -review provider orders for analgesia