ICC History Part 2 Final Exam Questions and Answers.docx

ICC History Part 2 Final Exam Questions and A How did World War II affect millions of American women? - Answer-The proportion of women in the labor force rose from one-quarter to more than one-third, as 19 million women were employed. The America First Committee argued that - Answer-the United States had the strength to stand alone and did not need to enter the war. The World War II War Production Board was created to - Answer-allocate materials, limit the production of civilian goods, and distribute contracts among workers. Which country suffered the greatest number of casualties in World War II? - Answer- Soviet Union Which of the following actions did the United States not take in preparing for war between September 1, 1939 and December 1, 1941? - Answer-It cut off diplomatic relations with Germany and Japan. Approximately how many Jews were killed in the Holocaust? - Answer-6 million The various federal agencies created during World War II to coordinate the war effort did all the following except - Answer-impose strict ceilings on corporate profits. Why was the United States called the "Arsenal of Democracy"? - Answer-It produced 300,000 airplanes, 2.6 million machine guns, 6 million tons of bombs, and numerous other war materials. How many American men and women ultimately served in the armed forces? - Answer- Approximately 15 million At the Yalta Conference, Stalin agreed on all the following except - Answer-recognition of Mao Zedong as the ruler of China. What did the "Double V" campaign represent? - Answer-the African-Americans' campaign to defeat their enemies at home and abroad. Which of the following factors was not a reason why President Harry Truman decided to use the atomic bomb in 1945? - Answer-He wanted to prove to the world that the United States hated the Japanese and wanted them to suffer because of their attack on Pearl Harbor. How did the "Cash and Carry" Policy work? - Answer-It required nations at war in 1939 and 1940 to pay for U.S. goods in cash and to carry them in their own ships. What role did the American scientific community have in World War II? - Answer- Scientists participated actively in developing new weapons, chemicals, medicines, and medical techniques that would advance the fight against the Axis powers. After what event did the Japanese government finally begin to discuss acceptance of surrender terms? - Answer-the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki In an effort to bolster American security and at the same time help England during the Battle of Britain, President Roosevelt concluded an agreement with Prime Minister Churchill that - Answer-transferred fifty overage American destroyers to Britain in exchange for leases on British air and naval bases in the Western Hemisphere. The Manhattan Project was the - Answer-secret $2 billion project to develop an atomic bomb. Japan demonstrated its expansionist policies in by invading - Answer- Manchuria. In 1940 and 1941 President Roosevelt wished to prolong negotiations with the Japanese rather than go to war. Why? - Answer-Roosevelt knew that he did not have a large enough navy to fight both Japan and Germany. Congress created the Office of Price Administration to - Answer-control inflation during the war. The experiences of E.B. Sledge illustrate - Answer-the extreme hardships of fighting in the Pacific theatre Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor? - Answer-Since it believed a war with the U.S. was inevitable, it decided upon a preemptive strike. Which of the following was not one of the changes in the American "social topography" that occurred during World War II? - Answer-The family unit was strengthened, and divorce rates dropped, as Americans united in the effort to defend the nation. Which of the following did not occur prior to the formal beginning of World War II? - Answer-the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor Franklin Roosevelt's Good Neighbor policy - Answer-renounced any nation's right to intervene in the affair of another. Which of the following leaders is not match correctly with the right country? - Answer- Winston Churchill, France Which 1942 battle was a decisive victory for the United States in the Pacific theatre of World War II? - Answer-Battle of Midway President Franklin Roosevelt encouraged the passage of the Lend-Lease Act because he wanted to - Answer-provide aid to Great Britain in its struggle with Germany Which of the following statements best describes warfare between the Japanese soldiers and American Marines? - Answer-They utterly hated each other and committed numerous atrocities. The condition of African-Americans improved during World War II through all the following reasons means except - Answer-a massive march on Washington by 100,000 African-Americans. What is the importance of ENIAC? - Answer-It was the first computer ever built. The League of United Latin American Citizens - Answer-sought to stop abuses against aliens and violations of the rights of Mexican-Americans. Which of the following was a major Supreme Court civil-rights case of the 1950s? - Answer-Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Which of the following was not one of the reasons that the Interstate Highway Act was significant? - Answer-It reinvigorated central cities by making it easier for people to drive in to them. Which of the following is not part of the evidence of a renewed interest in religion in the 1950s? - Answer-The intensity of faith increased for many people, as mainstream churches increasingly emphasized sin and evil. Which of the following most accurately characterizes television programming in the 1950s? - Answer-perfectly coiffed moms, frisky yet obedient kids, and all-knowing dads Which of the following statements concerning the Civil Rights Act of 1957 is true? - Answer-It established a permanent commission on civil rights with broad investigatory powers. About what portion of the American people lived in poverty by 1960? - Answer-One-fifth Which of the following was not one of the innovations that stimulated homeownership in Levittown in the 1950s? - Answer-improved mass transportation to the suburbs. As President, Dwight D. Eisenhower - Answer-initiated the largest and most expensive public-works scheme in American history. The African-American boycott of segregated buses in Montgomery, Alabama eventually led to - Answer-Supreme Court affirming a lower-court decision outlawing segregation of public transportation. Which of the following statements about American women in the 1950s is correct? - Answer-Almost two-thirds of women college students dropped out before graduating. What did the Bretton Woods Agreement do? - Answer-It valued other currencies in relation to the American dollar. Which book described the United States' economy during the postwar era? - Answer- The Affluent Society Dr. Benjamin Spock advocated that - Answer-mothers should comfort crying babies to instill feelings of security and intimacy. Why did President Eisenhower eventually support the desegregation of public schools? - Answer-He was forced to defend the law of land after seeing the defiance of Arkansas Governor Orville Faubus. Silent Spring - Answer-argued that the use of DDT was dangerous to the entire food chain. Which group benefited the most from the population shift to the Sunbelt? - Answer-The Republican party. Whose music revolutionized the music industry in the late 1950s and early 1960s? - Answer-Elvis Presley. Martin Luther King's philosophy is best captured by which of the following phrases? - Answer-nonviolent resistance What did the GI Bill do? - Answer-allowed American veterans of World War II to go to college free and to obtain low interest mortgages The Beats were a group of - Answer-writers who challenged the conformity of the 1950s. Which of the following stimuli to consumerism was introduced in the 1950s? - Answer- Credit cards In Brown v. Board of Education the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that segregation in was unconstitutional. - Answer-public schools How did Southern states respond to the Supreme Court ruling that outlawed segregation in schools? - Answer-They refused to comply whenever possible. What did television in the 1950s do? - Answer-It reinforced consumerism and conformity. Jackie Robinson was a significant figure in the civil rights movement because he - Answer-became the first black baseball player to play in the modern Major Leagues. Which was a cause of the baby boom after World War II? - Answer-Couples began marrying at an earlier age. Where did the most serious conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Kennedy administration occur? - Answer-Cuba. What was the purpose of Operation Rolling Thunder? - Answer-It was designed to use aerial bombardments to force the North Vietnamese to negotiate and stop the flow of soldiers and supplies on the Ho Chi Minh Trail. What was a result of the Tet offensive? - Answer-many Americans came to realize that no area of South Vietnam was secure from enemy attack. By 1964 what had become the major thrust of the majority of African-American activists? - Answer-Voter-registration drives in southern states Which of the following was not one of the programs of the Kennedy administration? - Answer-social legislation to fight poverty and finance medical care for the elderly In the 1950s and 1960s what did the Warren Court do? - Answer-It was responsible for a series of liberal decisions enraged more conservative Americans. What was the purpose of the 1964 Mississippi Freedom Summer Project? - Answer- help and encourage African-Americans to become registered voters. What was the result of the 1964 presidential election? - Answer-Lyndon Johnson won a landslide in the popular vote while the GOP carried only Arizona and five Deep South states. The purpose of the Medicare program was to provide health insurance for - Answer-the elderly. Which of the following statements does not accurately describe conditions in the American army in Vietnam by 1969? - Answer-troop strength had risen to about 700,000. Which of the following was not a reason why Ngo Dinh Diem, the president of South Vietnam and ally of the United States, lacked popular support in his country? - Answer- his Buddhism alienated the predominantly Catholic population. Which of the following did Malcolm X not advocate before 1964? - Answer-African- Americans should rely on nonviolence. In the 1960s many Native Americans began to demand that the federal government - Answer-take action to redress long-standing discrimination and poverty. What did the results of the 1960 presidential election reveal? - Answer-Lingering fears about a Catholic president. How did Martin Luther King, Jr. use Eugene "Bull" Conner to garner attention for the black civil rights movement in 1963? - Answer-He ordered a march on Birmingham, AL knowing that Conner would react violently.