ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy/Immunotherapy Lesson 11: Targeted Therapies Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass

ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy/Immunotherapy Lesson 11: Targeted Therapies Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass How targeted therapy and chemo differ - Correct Answer ️️ --targeted therapies act on specific molecular targets on or within the cells that are associated with cancer, whereas standard chemo act on all rapidly dividing cells-chemo has more SEs-targeted therapy ae chosen and designed to interact with their target on or within the cells, whereas chemo were IDed becaused they kill cells-targeted therapies are often cytostatic (they block tumor cell proliferation) whereas chemo agents are cytotoxic (kill tumor cells) Goals of targeted therapy - Correct Answer ️️ --disease cure when used as primary or adjuvant therapy -improving overall response or increase disease-free survival when used in combination with conventional therapies -controlling or stabilizing disease -maintaining or enhancing quality of life -decreasing the severity of toxicities from other therapies Ligand - Correct Answer ️️ -a substance that forms a complex with another biomolecule to exert a biologic effect Ligand Binding - Correct Answer ️️ -process by which the ligand attaches to a specific receptor site and activates that receptor, activating the signaling pathway Dimerization - Correct Answer ️️ -two monomers that are side-by-side on the surface of the cell are paired and activated by a ligand, which causes a series of signals Kinase - Correct Answer ️️ -type of enzyme that adds chemicals called phosphates to other molecules such as sugars or proteins causing other molecules in the cell to become either active or inactive phosphorylation - Correct Answer ️️ -activation of a chemical process to initiate signaling targeted therapies work by doing the following - Correct Answer ️️ -1. blocking angiogenesis 2. blocking signals inside or outside the cell 3. delivering toxic substances to the cell 4. stimulating the body's immune system BCR/ABL - Correct Answer ️️ --fusion protein tyrosine kinase formed with a gene translocation occurs between gene 9 and 22-gene abnormality called the Philadelphia chromosome seen in CML and ALL VEGF - Correct Answer ️️ -this is the primary angiogenic factor produced by cells mTOR - Correct Answer ️️ --target of rapamycin-a protein that tells cells when to grow, divide, and survive Two ways that angiogenesis inhibitors work - Correct Answer ️️ -1. some intergere with action of VEGF which stimulates n ew blood vessel formation2. others target their molecules that stimulate new blood vessel growth Small Molecule Compound Targeted Therapies - Correct Answer ️️ --end in -ib-targets located inside the cell because these gents are able to enter