Virtual SC- Government CP final exam vocab Questions and Answers(A+ Solution guide)

Unit 1 government - The institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies Sovereignty - supreme power or authority Federal Reserve System - The country's central banking system, which is responsible for the nation's monetary policy by regulating the supply of money and interest rates Brain Trust - Many of the advisers who helped Roosevelt during his presidential candidacy continued to aid him after he entered the White House. A newspaperman once described the group as "Roosevelt's Brain Trust." They were more influential than the Cabinet. Great Society - President Johnson called his version of the Democratic reform program the Great Society. In 1965, Congress passed many Great Society measures, including Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education. Legitimacy - the hereditary right of a monarch to rule authority - the right to use power citizens - People who had the right to participate in government Monarchy - A government ruled by a king or queen Oligarchy - A government ruled by a few powerful peopleAristocracy - A government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility Rule by Law - recognition that laws exist and all are subject to them equally Justian code - a set of laws, written by the Byzantine Empire Justinian, that served the Byzantine Empire for hundreds of years. Democracy - A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them absolute power - complete control over someone or something Indirect Democracy - a system of government that gives citizens the opportunity to vote for representatives who work on their behalf Direct Democracy - A form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives Federalist Papers - A collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison under the name "Publius" to defend the Constitution in detail. Natural Law - A doctrine that society should be governed by certain ethical principles that are part of nature and, as such, can be understood by reason. Democratic Centralism - The Leninist organizational structure that concentrates power in the hands of the party elite. free enterprise - Economic system in which individuals and businesses are allowed to compete for profit with a minimum of government interferenceEnlightenment - A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions. centralized government - A government in which power is concentrated in a central authority to which local governments are subject individual freedom - free to do whatever you want as long as it doesnt infringe on others freedom liberty - Freedom from government control