ZOOL 2403 Boros lecture exam 1 questions and answers

how is joint stability affected by range of movement? - joint stability decreases as mobility increases and vice versa what are the 3 functional classifications of joints? - immovable, slightly moveable, and synovial what are the 4 major components of a synovial joint? - ins a cavity 2. surrounded by connective tissue capsule 3. inner surface of capsule is lined by a synovial membrane 4. articular surfaces covered with articular cartilage 4 accessory structures of synovial joints? - lage 2. ligaments 3. tendons 4. bursae where are synovial joints found? - at the ends of long bones when you are in anatomical position, all major joints are ______ - extended and adducted what is an axis - a straight line about which the body rotates Flexion - reduces the angle between 2 bones Extension - increases angle between 2 bones Dorsiflexion - Extension at ankle (flexing of foot) Plantar Flexion - Flexion at ankle (pointing foot) Lateral Flexion - bends vertebral column from side to side Abduction - (in frontal plane) moves away from your central axis Adduction - (in frontal plane) moves toward your central axis medial rotation - rotates toward your central axis lateral rotation - rotates away from central axis pronation - rotates forearm- radius over ulna supination - forearm in anatomical position-Soupbowlination protraction - moves anteriorly (moving forward) retraction - moves posteriorly (pulling back) elevation - moves in superior direction (up, closing mouth) depression - moves in inferior direction (down, opening mouth) how does movement occur? - when muscles contract the 2 most common synovial joints? - ball and socket and hinge joints examples of ball and socket joint - shoulder joint and hip joint examples of hinge joints - elbow, knee, ankle, and interphalangeal joint 4 tissue types - connective, epithelial, muscle, and nervous tissue what do connective tissues do? - composed of cells and their secretory products that fills in spaces between other cells and tissues what does epithelial tissues do? - composed of tightly packed cells that line all body surfaces what does muscle tissues do? - composed of cells that contract for movement what does nervous tissues do? - composed of cells that send electrical signals