PSYC 1101 Exam 4 Morris UGA Exam Questions With Verified Solutions

PSYC 1101 Exam 4 Morris UGA Exam Questions With Verified Solutions Maturation - answerbiological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience Jean Piaget - answerSwiss developmental psychologist who came up with the four stage theory of cognitive development schema - answermental frameworks that help us interpret information assimilation - answerinterpret things based on our existing schemas (ex: a child calling a deer a horse) accommodation - answeradjust to new experiences/schemas cognitive equilibrium - answerharmony between our thought processes and our environments four-stage theory of cognitive development - answer-Jean Piaget -sensorimotor> preoperational> concrete operational> formal operational sensorimotor stage - answer-birth to 2 years old -experience the world through senses -lack object permanence object permanence - answerknowing that things still exist when you can't see them pre operational stage - answer-2 to 6 or 7 years old -egocentrism and animism -lack concept of reversibility -theory of mind egocentrism - answerinability to understand another's point of view animism - answerbelief that inanimate objects have feelings and emotions centration - answera child's tendency to fixate on just one aspect of a problem or object theory of mind - answerability to understand other people's feelings, thoughts, and perceptions and how to predict behavior concrete operational stage - answer-6 or 7 to 12 years old -begin thinking logically about concrete things they've experienced -decentration decentration - answercan see beyond one aspect of a problem formal operational stage - answer-12 through adulthood -more complex thinking and problem-solving criticisms of Piaget's theory - answertoo rigid and age based (egocentrism fades much earlier than Piaget thought) Lev Vygotsky - answeremphasized how early development occurs through parental instruction and interaction with social environments continuous development - answerdevelopment is a cumulative process that gradually improves on existing skills discontinuous development - answerdevelopment takes place in unique stages and is sudden Freud's five stages of development - answeroral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital Erik Erikson - answeremphasized the social nature of our development with his eight stages of development trust vs. mistrust - answer-infancy (birth to 12 months old) -babies with responsive caregivers develop a strong sense of trust while those with unresponsive caregivers do not autonomy vs. shame and doubt - answer-toddler (1 to 3 years old) -"me do it" stage initiative vs. guilt - answer-preschool (3 to 6 years old) -learn to plan and achieve goals while interacting with others -those who are successful develop self-confidence while those who are unsuccessful may develop feelings of guilt industry vs. inferiority - answer-elementary (6 to 12 years old) -begin to compare themselves to peers to see how they measure up