BIO A 208: Exam 2 Complete Questions And Answers

Sexual Selection - results from competition for mats: relative parental investment -> relative reproductive rates -> operational sex ratio -> human mating system (mild polygyny) Predictions from sexual selection theory - Men competitive compared to women Men choosy compared to other male mammals Women choosy compared to men Women more competitive compared to other female mammals Cohen's d - a method of quantifying sex differences and shows difference in the means/pooled standard deviation (large d=.8 medium d=.5 small d=.2) d = (Mm-Mf)/SD Clark and Hatfield study - Supports theory that men are more choosy than other male mammals 25% of men declined sex Even more men declined higher commitment propositions SRY Gene - typically not on the X chromosome; must be present for male development; could be responsible for TDF TDF - Testis Determining Factor; signals development of the testes which are largely responsible for other male features Androgens - male hormones Target Tissues - external genitaliaMullerian/Wolfian ducts, brain Androgen receptors - differential androgen in the brain leads to sex differences in psychology/behavior Organizational Effects - processes that have life-long irreversible effects on behavior Activational Effects - processes that have temporary effects Mullerian Ducts - females Wolfian Ducts - Males Mounting vs Lordosis behavior - neonatal hormone manipulation; responses can be changed with early hormone manipulation Human Psychological sex differences - Sexual Orientation Interest in visual sexual stimuli Interest in causal sex Childhood play Job interests physical aggression