Phlebotomy Exam 1 Study Guide Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions Graded A 2024

Yellow Tube 1 - Blood cultures SPS Aerobic bottle drawn first/anaerobic second This tube is drawn first due to infection purposes Use chloraprep for aseptic site Mix 8-10 times Lavender Tube 5 - Anticoagulant EDTA- sodium or potassium Common tests- CBC Prevents clotting by binding calcium Prevents platelet clumping Preserves shape of cell NEVER BEFORE HEPARIN Mix 8-10 times Post prandial glucose test - Glucose test performed after ingestion of a meal Hematopoiesis - blood cell formation; occurs in red bone marrow Glycogen - Form of glucose that muscles use for energy Alimentary canal - Entire tract from mouth to anus occult blood test - chemical test for the presence of blood in the feces that is not visible to the eye Light blue tube 2 - Anticoagulant: sodium citrate Prevents coagulation by binding calcium Used for coagulation studies Tests- PT or PTT Special filling requirement (9:1 of blood to anticoagulant) Light green/dark green tube 4 - Anticoagulant: sodium heparin, lithium heparin, ammonia heparin Common tests- electrolytes Prevents coagulation by inhibiting action of thrombin Mix 8-10 times Tiger top SST/Gold tube - Clot activatior Gel separator SST- serum separator tube Gray tube 6 - Contains and anticoagulant and preservative Anticoagulant- potassium oxalate: binds calcium Preservative- sodium flouride Inhibits glycolytic activity of cells Tests- alcohol levels Mix 8-10 times Pink tube - Additive- anticoagulant EDTA Used for blood bank Dark blue tube - Additive- either no additive, sodium heparin, or EDTA Used for trace metal assays/toxicology studies Note: tops are chemically cleaned to avoid stray traces of materials Butterfly method - Advantages/ uses- smaller veins and tough sticks Safety- device has button that retracts needle Syringe method - Advantages- more control and collapsing veins Evacuated tube method - Used in all 3 methods Stores method immediately during/after draw Additives in tubes have different actions on blood Additives are usually either an anticoagulant or preservative Plasma - All clotting factors Liquid portion of blood that has NOT clotted Serum - No clotting factors Liquid portion of clotted blood Preservative - Slows metabolic activity of blood cells Permits more time for testing Evacuated tube method AKA straight needle - Double sided multi sample needle with slanted bevel edge Double sided: one needle punctures vein while other needle punctures tube Can draw several tubes at one time Safety features- cap to close needle