EPPP: Cognitive-Affective Bases of Behavior

describe tasks that assess convergent thinking - answer-Tasks that require an examinee to derive a single correct answer describe tasks that assess divergent thinking - answer-Tasks that require the examinee to generate as many ideas as possible Implicit memories - answer-Memories that are recalled without conscious effort. Prospective memory - answer-The ability to remember to do something in the future e.g., to buy a gallon of milk the next time you go to the store. Metamemory - answer-Refers to a person's insight into his/her own memory processes. Crystallized intelligence - answer-Involves the ability to recall and use information that has been learned Fluid intelligence - answer-Involves the ability to see new relationships, solve new problems, and form new concepts. Goal-setting theory - answer-Difficult goals result in greater productivity than easy or ambiguous goals. With regard to task difficulty, the less complex the task, the stronger the link between goal difficulty and productivity. inoculation - answer-The purpose is to reduce a listener's susceptibility to a persuasive message. It involves 3 steps: warning the listener of the impending persuasive message; making a weak attack against the listener's position; and having the listener actively defend his/her position. Damage to the hippocampus will have the greatest impact on __________________. - answer-memory consolidation, explicit memory, and spatial memory Heuristics - answer-"mental shortcuts" that simplify problem-solving Internalization - answer-when an individual changes his behavior because he privately accepts and believes the attitudes or behaviors of the other person to be correct Retroactive inhibition or interference - answer-occurs when newly learned information interferes with the recall of previously learned information. latent learning - answer-Group 1 - rewarded each time at end of maze. Learned maze quickly. Group 2 - in maze every day; only rewarded on 10th day. Demonstrated learning of maze almost immediately after receiving reward. Group 3 - never rewarded. Did not learn maze Moral of the story = Behavior can be learned but only exhibited when it is reinforced Long-term potentiation - answer-process by which short-term memories consolidate into long-term memory Tolman - answer-known for latent learning Kohler - answer-known for insight learning Increasing difficulty on a test... - answer-raises the cutoff on the predictor test...which in turn raises true negatives and decreases false positives. Salient factors for long-term memory - answer-When it comes to long-term memory, we remember things based on meaning i.e., semantics rather than sound or grammatical pa