bio exam first semester QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024 EDITION GRADE A+

Modern scientists continue the tradition of the Greek philosophers in their efforts to understand the world around them. They know that the universe consists of objects, organisms, and processes that interact in many different ways, and proper scientific methods can help this understanding. What is the goal of science? A goal of science is to generate testable explanations for events in the natural world. A goal of science is to make useful predictions about natural events, and to understand patterns in nature by using explanations supported by data. Scientific methodology is a well-established method used to study biological systems and conduct experiments leading to valid results. In the methods of science, which step generally comes before the others? Developing a hypothesis. Kari is testing the hypothesis that plants rely on photosynthesis to grow. She conducts an experiment in which she observes the sprouting and growth of bean seeds. The beans are raised either in sunlight or darkness. She records her observations in a data table. Which statements from Kari's records convey qualitative data, and not quantitative data The beans in the control group have a white spot on day 2. The beans in the control group feel soft on day 2. The beans of both groups appear equally green and healthy on day 1. The famous scientist Albert Einstein sometimes used "thought experiments" such as imagining himself chasing a beam of light or riding in an elevator in free-fall. These thought experiments, which would not be possible to conduct physically, helped him challenge current scientific thinking and develop his theories of gravity and of special relativity. In actual physical experiments, scientists must select equipment carefully and avoid errors in data collection and analysis. There is variation in nature, so the larger the sample size, the more accurately researchers can determine dissimilarities within each group, and analyze variances between experimentals and controls. When interpreting data, researchers use statistical analysis to decide if an experimental treatment is significantly different from the control group. When drawing conclusions, the hypothesis being tested may either be supported, or refuted and revised to be tested again. When, if ever, can a scientific theory become a scientific law? never, under no circumstances A scientist is designing an experiment on tomato plants. Which is the best example of a hypothesis that the experiment could test? Increasing the amount of sunlight that a tomato plant receives will increase its height Francesca, a PhD candidate, conducts extensive research on aluminum corrosion. When finished, she will submit her research data and conclusions in a report to a scientific journal for peer review. What are three benefits of peer review? Peer review allows other scientists the chance to try to replicate the experimental results. Peer review can lead to new ideas and further study. Peer review helps check for mistakes, bias, or fraud in a set of experimental work. Society expects scientists to follow ethical practices and meet many ethical standards. What's an example of one of these ethical standards? Analyze data that was truly observed, and not data that was expected or desired. Scientists are often faced with ethical questions, or questions of right and wrong. Which of the following are examples? I. Mairead wants to include a hypothesis in her report, and she asks if she must give credit to the scientist who first proposed it. II. Aiden is planning an experiment on gerbils, and he asks how large the cages should be. III. Paula is developing a new technique for mining fossil fuels, and she asks if the technique must avoid polluting the environment. I, II, and III Which task would be best accomplished in a field of engineering? Designing and building an artificial heart for the human circulatory system Living things are similar in many ways. Genes made of ____ carry the directions for inheritance, and offspring usually resemble their parents. With _____ ____ offspring have the same traits as their parents. With ___ ____ offspring differ from their parents in some ways. Living organisms use energy and materials to grow, develop, and reproduce. These life processes involve a set of chemical reactions called ____. Organisms have means of detecting a change in their environment and responding to this _____. Most organisms require that their internal environments remain in a fairly constant range, and so they maintain _____. The ability of a group of organisms to change, or _____ over time helps populations survive in an ever-changing environment. DNA ; asexual reproduction ; sexual reproduction ; metabolism ; stimulus ; homeostasis ; evolve DeShawn is studying homeostasis and circulation. To organize his findings, he constructs two models of the human heart, veins, and arteries: one to represent a non-smoker, and one that includes attributes typically found in a smoker. By comparing the two models, which relationship of cause and effect can DeShawn best explain? Smoking damages the function of the circulatory system. No single characteristic alone can describe a living thing, but all living things share certain characteristics. What is NOT one of these characteristics? ability to move from place to place Parts of some plants and animals grow according to the Fibonacci sequence of numbers, developed by an Italian mathematician, in which each number is the sum of the previous two numbers. The shell of the chambered nautilus, the seeds in a sunflower, and pineapples all exhibit a structure called the "Fibonacci spiral". Which crosscutting concept of biology do these phenomena BEST represent? Patterns There are many fields of biology, and in some branches, biologists are concerned with tiny ____ while others study vast ____. Biologists who study how the activities of all living organisms affect both the atmosphere and climate are working in the field of ____ ____. Researchers who seek to replace damaged genes or to genetically engineer bacteria are studying _____. Some biologists work to combine the latest genetic information with computer technology to organize all living things into a single universal _____ __ ____ Scientists concerned with HIV, bird flu, drug-resistant bacteria, and other pathogens are researching the _____ ___ ______ of infectious diseases, while others who look at the entire sets of DNA code contained in a wide range of organisms are studying ______. . molecules ; planets ; global ecology ; biotecchnology ; tree of life ; ecology and evolution ; genomics CONTINUED.....